Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients.
| Characteristics | Control | DCM | DCM1 | DCM2 | DCM3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52 ± 12 | 54 ± 13 | 58 ± 11 | 54 ± 13 | 52 ± 15 |
| Sex (male/female) | 25/20 | 72/28 | 14/8 | 32/13 | 26/7 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 10 (22.2) | 24 (24.0) | 2 (9.1) | 13 (28.9) | 9 (27.3) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 3.4 | 23.9 ± 3.8∗ | 23.4 ± 3.2∗ | 23.9 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 4.9 |
| HR (bpm) | 71 ± 10 | 90 ± 18∗ | 89 ± 19∗ | 87 ± 17∗ | 93 ± 19∗ |
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 12 | 119 ± 15 | 124 ± 13 | 119 ± 14 | 116 ± 17 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 9 | 76 ± 12∗ | 76 ± 9 | 75 ± 12 | 76 ± 15 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 0.85 | 1.28 ± 0.73∗ | 1.09 ± 0.33 | 1.46 ± 0.95 | 1.16 ± 0.54 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.51 ± 0.98 | 4.19 ± 1.09 | 4.14 ± 1.31 | 4.31 ± 1.14 | 4.09 ± 0.86 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.15 ± 0.29 | 1.06 ± 0.34 | 1.19 ± 0.40 | 1.08 ± 0.31 | 0.94 ± 0.30∗ |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.72 ± 0.80 | 2.70 ± 0.85 | 2.40 ± 0.70 | 2.83 ± 1.02 | 2.73 ± 0.62 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 5.08 ± 0.54 | 4.95 ± 1.23 | 5.15 ± 1.55 | 4.80 ± 0.83 | 5.01 ± 1.44 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 72.46 ± 18.80 | 100.23 ± 41.43∗ | 104.68 ± 69.54∗ | 98.84 ± 31.74∗ | 99.15 ± 27.09∗ |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.87 ± 0.65 | 7.71 ± 8.69∗ | 6.07 ± 6.79∗ | 6.93 ± 7.99∗ | 9.87 ± 10.38∗ |
| CKMB (ng/mL) | 1.27 ± 0.81 | 2.15 ± 1.50∗ | 1.84 ± 1.18 | 2.15 ± 1.34∗ | 2.36 ± 1.85∗ |
| TnI (ng/mL) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.18∗ | 0.04 ± 0.06∗ | 0.09 ± 0.26∗ | 0.04 ± 0.04∗ |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 94 ± 84 | 5053 ± 5590∗ | 3513 ± 3074∗ | 4980 ± 6092∗ | 6179 ± 6040∗ |
| LVEF (%) | 65.33 ± 5.67 | 29.89 ± 5.94∗ | 32.41 ± 4.89∗ | 30.20 ± 5.65∗ | 27.79 ± 6.36∗ |
| LVEDD (mm) | 46.91 ± 3.60 | 65.95 ± 7.52∗ | 65.27 ± 7.35∗ | 66.09 ± 7.39∗ | 66.21 ± 7.99∗ |
| Medications, n (%) | |||||
| ACEI/ARB | 0 | 37 (37) | 10 (45.4) | 11 (24.4) | 16 (48.5) |
| β-blocker | 0 | 19 (19) | 8 (36.4) | 7 (15.6) | 4 (12.1) |
| Diuretics | 0 | 46 (46) | 11 (50) | 14 (31.1) | 21 (63.6) |
| Digitalis | 0 | 44 (44.0) | 10 (45.4) | 13 (28.9) | 21 (63.6) |
| Spironolactone | 0 | 31 (31) | 7 (31.8) | 12 (26.7) | 12 (36.4) |
The data are given as the mean ± SD or number of patients. DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; BMI: body mass index; HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TG: total triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GLU: fasting glucose; CRP: C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
∗ P < 0.05 versus control.