TABLE 2.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics (n = 56)
| Outcome Measure | Education and Advice (N = 17) | Education and Advice and Walking Program (N = 39) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline demographic characteristics (mean [± SD]) | ||
| Age (y) | 51 (42–60) | 48 (43–53) |
| Sex (m:f) | 4:13 | 21:18 |
| Duration of low back pain (y) | 11.1 (7.7–14.5) | 10.3 (6.5–14.0) |
| BMI | 28.1 (24.1–32.1) | 28.9 (27.2–30.5) |
| Employed | 47% (8/17) | 72% (28/39) |
| Baseline clinical characteristics (mean [± 95% CI]) | ||
| Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ expressed as %) | 27.7(23.3–32.2) | 31.9 (26.6–37.2) |
| International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ in m/min/wk) | 3029 (1687–4371) | 5832 (3285–8079) |
| ActivPAL daily step count | 7678 (6284–9071) | 7826 (6767–8886) |
| ActivPAL cadence < 100 steps/min | 3952 (3159–4744) | 4273 (3617–4929) |
| ActivPAL cadence > 100 steps/min | 3726 (2214–5238) | 3554 (2930–4178) |
| ActivPAL time spent stepping (h/d) | 1.59 (1.34–1.83) | 1.67 (1.45–1.90) |
| ActivPAL time spend standing (h/d) | 4.46 (3.35–5.57) | 4.25 (3.84–4.65) |
| ActivPAL time spent sitting/lying (h/d) | 17.9 (16.6–19.2) | 18.1 (17.6–18.6) |
| Euroqol Weighted Health Index(EQ-5D, range of values: −0.59 to 1.0) | 0.64 (0.53–0.75) | 0.58 (0.49–0.66) |
| Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASES, range of values 0–5) | 2.7 (2.2–3.2) | 2.5 (2.3–2.8) |
| Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire for Physical Activity (FABQ- PA, range of values 0–24) | 15.1 (11.8–18.4) | 16.0 (13.9–18.0) |
| Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ, range of values 9–45) | 28.9 (25.4–32.3) | 28.1 (25.8–30.5) |
| Euroqol (EQ5D Visual Analogue Scale—Health State, range of values (0–100) | 59.4 (49.6–69.2) | 68.5 (62.7–74.3) |
| Numerical Rating Scale for average pain over last week (NRS. range of values 0–10) | 4.6 (3.6–5.5) | 5.4 (4.8–6.0) |
| Modified Global Rating of Change (MGROC for Physical Activity, range of values −7–7) | −2.6 (−4.0 to −1.3) | −3.3 (−4.4 to −2.2) |
| Modified Global Rating of Change (MGROC importance of change, range of values 0–7) | 3.3 (2.1–4.5) | 4.3 (3.7–5.0) |
| Readiness to change (n [%]) | ||
| Precontemplation | 0 | 1(3) |
| Contemplation/preparation | 9(53) | 24 (61) |
| Action/maintenance | 8(47) | 14 (36) |