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. 2016 Jun 7;6:27463. doi: 10.1038/srep27463

Table 1. Selection of inhibitors and inducers of the miconazole-affected pathways and combinatory action with miconazole against C. albicans biofilms determined by FICI calculation.

Process or protein Effect in miconazole RNAseq data Compound BEC50 Activity in combination with miconazolea
    Inhibitors    
Sterol biosynthetic process Induced Simvastatin 1.4 mM S
Secreted aspartic-type proteinases Induced Saquinavir mesylate >500 μM I
Lipases Induced Orlistat >1 mM I
Glyoxylate cycle Induced Itaconate >2 mM I
ETC Repressed Antimycin A 570 μM S
    CCCP 73 μM S
    Sodium azide 8.6 mM S
Sphingolipid biosynthesis Induced Myriocin >100 μM I
Alcohol dehydrogenase Induced Disulfiram >500 μM I
Branched-chain amino acid (including leucine) biosynthesis Induced Chlorosulfuron >1 mM I
Fe-S bonds (as in Leu1 and many mitochondrial respiratory enzymes) Induced Pyrithione zinc 275 μM S
Tetrahydrofolate interconversion Induced Trimethoprim >500 μM I
    Inducers    
Nicotinic acid transporter Induced Nicotinic acid >1 mM I
Arginine biosynthesis Repressed Arginine >10 mM I
Leucine biosynthesis Induced Leucine >2 mM I
Citric acid cycle Repressed Sodium dichloroacetate >1 mM I
N-acetylglucosamine transporter Repressed N-acetyl-D-glucosamine >1 mM I

aS = Synergy (FICI < 0.5), I = Indifference (0.5 < FICI < 4), FICI = [CA/BEC50A] + [CB/BEC50B], in which BEC50A and BEC50B are the BEC50 values (biofilm eradication concentration resulting in 50% remaining biofilm metabolic activity) of compound A and B alone, while CA and CB are the concentrations of the drugs A and B at iso-effective combinations, respectively. Note that CB values were derived from the whole dose-response curves, whereas CA values represent the actual concentration of compound A in the checkerboard experiments.