Table 3.

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of thoracic auscultation, individual treatment administration by the producer, and/or calf respiratory score to predict lung consolidation detected by thoracic ultrasonography in 106 dairy calves from farms with enzootic pneumonia

Ultrasonographic Lung Findings	Consolidated	Normal	Total	Se	Sp	PPV	NPV
Auscultation A
Abnormal	1	1	2
Normal	30	180	210
Total	31	181	212	3.2	99.5	50.0	85.7
Auscultation B
Abnormal	5	5	10
Normal	25	177	202
Total	30	182	212	16.7	97.3	50.0	87.6
Auscultation C
Abnormal	0	0	0
Normal	18	194	212
Total	18	194	212	0.0	100.0	NA	91.5
Auscultation D
Abnormal	2	3	5
Normal	55	152	207
Total	57	155	212	5.2	98.7	60.0	73.4
Treatment
Treated	23	13	36
Not treated	33	37	70
Total	56	50	106	41.1	74.0	63.9	52.9
Scorea
Score ≥5	31	21	52
Score ≤4	25	29	54
Total	56	50	106	55.4	58.0	59.6	53.7
Producer accuracy
Sick	40	29	69
Scorea + Treatment
Not sick	16	21	37
Total	56	50	106	71.4	42.0	58.0	56.8

Lung auscultation was considered abnormal if crackles, wheezes, or absence of respiratory noises was noted.

Se, sensitivity; Sp, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; NA, not applicable.

^aCalf respiratory scoring chart.