Table 1.

Results for the investigated variables in the complete group, and in male and female Boxer dogs separately

Variable	Complete Group	Male Dogs	Female Dogs
Number of dogs	85	37	48
Age (years)	1.6 (1.0–14.5)	1.6 (1.0–14.5)*	1.6 (1.0–10.8)*
BW (kg)	29.8 ± 4.6	32.2 ± 4.4**	26.8 ± 2.6**
Heat rate (bpm)	97 ± 18	100 ± 19	94 ± 15
LVIDd (mm)	39.6 ± 3.4	40.8 ± 3.0**	38 ± 3.2**
LVIDs (mm)	27.3 ± 3.7	28.1 ± 3.9*	26.1 ± 3.0*
Fractional shortening (%)	31.3 ± 6.4	31.2 ± 7.1	31.3 ± 5.5
V max aorta (m/s)	1.80 ± 0.27	1.79 ± 0.30	1.8 ± 0.24
V max pulm (m/s)	1.24 ± 0.25	1.18 ± 0.24	1.30 ± 0.26
EDVI right parasternal (mL/m²)	70 ± 10	73 ± 10*	67 ± 11*
EDVI left apical (mL/m²)	72 ± 11	74 ± 10	69 ± 12
ESVI right parasternal (mL/m²)	36 ± 7	38 ± 7*	33 ± 7*
ESVI left apical (mL/m²)	37 ± 8	38 ± 7*	35 ± 7*
Mean EDVI (mL/m²)	71 ± 11	73 ± 10*	68 ± 11*
Mean EDV indexed to BW (mL/kg)	2.3 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.4
Mean ESVI (mL/m²)	36 ± 7	38 ± 7*	34 ± 7*
Mean ESV indexed to BW (mL/kg)	1.2 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2
Ejection fraction (%)	49 ± 7	48 ± 8	50 ± 6

BW, body weight; LVIDd, left ventricular inner diameter in diastole; LVIDs, left ventricular inner diameter in systole; V _max, maximal velocity; pulm, pulmonary artery; EDVI, end‐diastolic volume index; ESVI, end‐systolic volume index.

Normally distributed variables are presented as mean ± SD; only age was not normally distributed and is presented as median (range). A single asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between male and female dogs with a P value <.05, and a double asterisk (**) indicates a significant difference with a P value <.001.