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The length of the cerebellar protrusion beyond the foramen magnum was measured (A). The height of the craniocervical junction was measured and expressed as a percentage of caudal cranial fossa height for standardization (CCJ/caudal cranial fossa percentage). Height was measured from the caudal aspect of the foramen magnum at the level of the rostral border of arch of atlas. Height measurements were made perpendicular to the skull base (B).
