Table 2.

Reported median survival time and complications associated with each treatment modality

Treatment Modality	Number of Studies (Cases)	Survival Time Median (Range) Days	Reported Complications and Adverse Effects
Symptomatic	4 (138)	65 (6–359)	Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and sedation
Surgical	6 (108)	312 (27–2104)	Aspiration pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, pneumocranium, uncontrollable seizures postop, middle cerebral artery thrombosis, arterial cerebral circle hemorrhage, hyponatremia, hypo‐osmolality, large temperature fluctuation
Radiation	13 (428)	351 (139–906)	Aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary thromboembolism, altered mentation (acute central nervous system toxicity), late‐onset radiation necrosis, risks associated with repeated anesthesia, permanent skin epilation, atrophy of temporal muscle, keratitis with corneal vascularization, bilateral cataracts, and deafness