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. 2016 Jun 2;7:11791. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11791

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(a,b) Images of the three-point bending-test set up (static loading) where flexural tensile strain (ɛ_f) is easily controlled via geometrical parameters shown in the pictures. (c) Scanning electron microscopy images for the top surfaces of 200-nm-thick ITO, 60-nm-thick IZO and 60 nm-thick TiO₂ on PET substrates after static loading at a specified ɛ_f. (d) The sheet resistance (R) of IZO (60 nm), graphene, TiO₂ (60 nm)/graphene on PET substrates as a function of flexural strain applied (measured after being bent 10 times at the specified strain (dynamic loading)). The sheet resistance is normalized to the initial value (R₀). (e) R/R₀ of graphene and TiO₂ (60 nm)/graphene on PET substrates in relation to the number of bending cycles at flexural strain of 4%.