Table 3.
Pregnancy and delivery related data on studied women including unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio for EPDS ≥10
| EPDS < 10 | EPDS ≥ 10 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 264 | n = 29 | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | p-value* | OR (95 % CI) | Adj. ORa (95 % CI) | ||
| Depression during current pregnancy | Yes | 5 | 1.9 | 3 | 10.3 | 0.008 | 5.98 (1.35–26.42) | 8.81 (1.07–72.39) |
| No | 259 | 98.1 | 26 | 89.7 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Current antidepressive medication during pregnancyb | ||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 1.1 | 1 | 3.4 | 0.308 | 3.11 (0.31–30.88) | 1.71 (0.09–32.38) | |
| No | 261 | 98.9 | 28 | 96.6 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Intercurrent somatic diseasec | ||||||||
| Yes | 13 | 4.9 | 2 | 6.9 | 0.647 | 1.43 (0.31–30.88) | 1.29 (0.25–6.28) | |
| No | 251 | 95.1 | 27 | 93.1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Stressful life event during pregnancy | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 | 3.0 | 2 | 6.9 | 0.276 | 2.37 (0.48–11.73) | 2.03 (0.38–11.54) | |
| No | 256 | 97.0 | 27 | 93.1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Number of visits during pregnancyd(no of visits mean/SD) | 10.2/2.4 | 11.2/2.9 | 0.032 | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) | 1.16 (0.99–1.36) | |||
| Fear of delivery | ||||||||
| Yes | 16 | 6.1 | 2 | 6.9 | 0.859 | 1.15 (0.25–5.26) | 0.89 (0.16–4.88) | |
| No | 248 | 93.9 | 27 | 93.1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Complication during pregnancye | ||||||||
| Yes | 58 | 22,0 | 6 | 20,7 | 0.874 | 0.93 (0.36–2.38) | 0.74 (0.26–2.05) | |
| No | 206 | 78,0 | 23 | 79,3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Premature birth (<36 + 6)f | ||||||||
| Yes | 3 | 1.1 | 3 | 10.3 | 0.001 | 10.04 (1.93–52.29) | 13.07 (2.08–82.26) | |
| No | 261 | 98.9 | 26 | 89.7 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Normal delivery | ||||||||
| Yes | 221 | 83.7 | 21 | 72.4 | 0.128 | Reference | Reference | |
| No | 43 | 16.3 | 8 | 27.6 | 1.96 (0.81–4.71) | 1.84 (0.71–4.76) | ||
| Complication during or after deliveryg | ||||||||
| Yes | 33 | 12.5 | 4 | 13.8 | 0.842 | 1.12 (0.37–3.42) | 1.25 (0.39–3.94) | |
| No | 231 | 87.5 | 25 | 86.2 | Reference | Reference | ||
*p-value based on student T-test or Chi square test
aAdjusted for all the variables in Table 2
bSSRI or SNRI
cTrombophilic disorder, inflammatory bowel disease, hypo- or hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, epilepsy, prolactinoma and cerebral shunt
dTotal number of visits during pregnancy to a midwife or physician, except for the visit when they were giving birth
eSevere hyperemesis, contractions (need for sick leave >2 weeks), back or pelvic girdle pain (need for medical counselling), gestational diabetes, abnormal vaginal bleeding (hospitalization), carpal tunnel syndrome, cholestasis of pregnancy or thromboembolic disease
fBetween gestational week 34–36
gBleeding >1000 ml, urine retention, rupture including anal sphincter, pneumonia or postpartum endometritis