Table 3.
Bivariate logistic regression predicting externalizing problems at age 3
| Odds ratio | 95.0 % CI for OR | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Externalizing ≥ 90th percentile | |||
| Apgar 5 min | 2.380 | 0.506–11.198 | 0.272 |
| Non-optimal birth characteristics | 1.427 | 0.886–2.298 | 0.144 |
| EPDS | 2.952 | 1.705–5.113 | <0.001 |
| Life events | 4.812 | 2.610–8.873 | <0.001 |
| LSS | 3.275 | 1.728–6.205 | <0.001 |
| Parental unemployment | 3.419 | 1.989–5.877 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 1.480 | 0.941–2.329 | 0.090 |
| Parental immigration status | 1.948 | 1.070–3.546 | 0.029 |
| Aggressive ≥ 90th percentile | |||
| Apgar 5 min | 1.214 | 0.153–9.610 | 0.855 |
| Non-optimal birth characteristics | 1.182 | 0.704–1.986 | 0.528 |
| EPDS | 2.066 | 1.111–3.841 | 0.022 |
| Life events | 4.170 | 2.175–7.995 | <0.001 |
| LSS | 2.075 | 0.983–4.379 | 0.056 |
| Parental unemployment | 2.981 | 1.667–5.331 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 1.037 | 0.647–1.661 | 0.881 |
| Parental immigration status | 1.167 | 0.563–2.417 | 0.678 |
| Destructive ≥ 90th percentile | |||
| Apgar 5 min | 6.371 | 1.826–22.229 | 0.004 |
| Non-optimal birth characteristics | 1.635 | 1.021–2.618 | 0.041 |
| EPDS | 3.002 | 1.732–5.204 | <0.001 |
| Life events | 2.911 | 1.481–5.724 | 0.002 |
| LSS | 3.325 | 1.754–6.304 | <0.001 |
| Parental unemployment | 3.489 | 2.027–6.005 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 1.804 | 1.133–2.872 | 0.013 |
| Parental immigration status | 2.578 | 1.463–4.543 | 0.001 |
CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, EPDS Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, LSS life stress score, CBCL child behaviour checklist. Results concerning Small for Gestational Age (SGA), smoking during pregnancy, birthweight, duration of gestation, neonatal illness, non-optimal pregnancy/birth, BDNF and 5-HTTLPR were not statistically significant and are not shown
Logistic regression. Dependent variables: CBCL (externalizing, aggressive and destructive symptoms). Independent variables (0 is used as a reference level): Apgar (0 < 7, 1 ≥ 7), Non-optimal birth characteristics (0 = no birth adversity, 1 = one or more birth adversities), EPDS (0 ≤ 9, 1 ≥ 10), Life Events and LSS (0 < 90th percentile, 1 ≥ 90th percentile), Parental unemployment (0 = both parents employed, 1 = one or both parents unemployed), sex (0 = girls and 1 = boys), Parental immigration status (0 = both parents born in Sweden, 1 = one or both parents born abroad)