Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of selected dependent and independent variables

	Women		Men
	OR	[CI 95 %]	OR	[CI 95 %]
ABC prevention knowledge	0.83***	[0.78, 0.87]	0.80***	[0.78, 0.83]
Have been tested for AIDS
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	0.85***	[0.80, 0.90]	0.77***	[0.70, 0.84]
Region of residence
Northern	1.00		1.00
Central	0.67***	[0.62, 0.72]	0.69***	[0.60, 0.79]
Southern	0.51***	[0.48, 0.54]	0.57***	[0.50, 0.65]
Ethnicity
Tumbuka	1.00		1.00
Chewa	1.41***	[1.27, 1.55]	1.26**	[1.07, 1.49]
Lomwe	0.69***	[0.64, 0.75]	0.83*	[0.70, 0.97]
Tonga	0.97	[0.82, 1.15]	0.99	[0.73, 1.34]
Yao	0.85**	[0.76, 0.95]	1.11	[0.96, 1.28]
Sena	0.75***	[0.65, 0.87]	0.83	[0.64, 1.08]
Ngori	0.72***	[0.66, 0.80]	0.89	[0.73, 1.08]
Others	0.99	[0.90, 1.10]	1.07	[0.88, 1.30]
Religion
Christian	1.00		1.00
Muslim	1.12*	[1.02, 1.22]	1.31***	[1.14, 1.50]
No religion	1.30	[0.93, 1.81]	1.28	[0.99, 1.66]
Urban–rural residence
Urban	1.00		1.00
Rural	2.18***	[2.02, 2.36]	2.10***	[1.77, 2.48]
Marital status
Never married	1.00		1.00
Currently married	1.37***	[1.27, 1.47]	1.17*	[1.04, 1.31]
Formerly married	1.25***	[1.13, 1.37]	1.24	[0.94, 1.64]
Age of respondents	1.01***	[1.01, 1.01]	1.00	[0.99, 1.01]
Educational background
No education	1.00		1.00
Primary education	0.72***	[0.66, 0.78]	0.49***	[0.41, 0.59]
Secondary/higher education	0.25***	[0.23, 0.28]	0.17***	[0.14, 0.21]
Wealth status
Poorest	1.00		1.00
Poorer	0.89**	[0.83, 0.96]	0.77***	[0.67, 0.89]
Middle	0.81***	[0.75, 0.88]	0.72***	[0.63, 0.82]
Richer	0.68***	[0.63, 0.74]	0.53***	[0.46, 0.62]
Richest	0.39***	[0.36, 0.43]	0.34***	[0.29, 0.39]
Currently working
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.05	[0.99, 1.11]	1.07	[0.99, 1.17]

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001

Odds ratios adjusted for clustering; 95% confidence intervals in brackets