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. 2016 Jun 6;213(5):535–542. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201511053

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© 2016 Hu and Butte

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

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Figure 2. — Mechanical forces generated by AFM-delivered stimulation. Time course of force exerted on the cantilever during contact with the T cell. Graphs begin with the trigger point at t = 0. The 0-force baseline is set to the deflection at the trigger point. All cells are the same as in Fig. 1. Cantilever was coated with anti-CD3 (A) or irrelevant mAb (B). The lightly shaded area represents the push phase. The magnitude of the push force is the height of the peak from the base, calculated from the inflection. The darker shaded region represents the pull phase, with the magnitude of the pull calculated from the minimum of the region to the 0-force baseline. The time lags in G are calculated as shown by the dashed lines. Magnitudes of pushing (C) forces and pulling (D) forces for cells stimulated with anti-CD3–coated cantilevers versus control antibody–coated cantilevers. These data are from the same cells used in Fig. 1. Boxes show the bootstrapped mean and 95% CI. ns, not significant. Time-integrated calcium flux versus magnitude of pushing (E) and pulling (F) forces. Density contours are shown in gray. (G) Histograms show the time lag between the onset of calcium flux to the start of the pulling force for anti-CD3–coated and pMHC-coated cantilevers.