Table 3.
Cognitive performance of two training groups at the 4-month follow-up.
| Memory (n = 17) | Combined (n = 14) | P-valueb | Partial eta squared | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basline | Follow-up | Basline | Follow-up | |||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| TRAINED MEMORY TASKS | ||||||||||
| Face-name | 3.65 | 1.79 | 6.76 | 2.62 | 2.75 | 1.92 | 4.89 | 2.63 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
| Wordlist | 10.06 | 2.59 | 12.59 | 2.79 | 9.14 | 1.56 | 10.43 | 2.87 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
| NON-TRAINED MEMORY TASKS | ||||||||||
| ALT | 10.59 | 3.79 | 15.62 | 4.65 | 10.11 | 2.47 | 14.39 | 3.13 | 0.59 | 0.01 |
| LMT | 9.00 | 2.55 | 10.38 | 2.97 | 8.14 | 2.20 | 9.14 | 2.67 | 0.71 | 0.01 |
| MMQ | 15.24 | 9.66 | 15.00 | 8.14 | 20.79 | 10.89 | 24.00 | 11.5 | 0.22 | 0.05 |
| TRAINED EF TASKS | ||||||||||
| Word updating | 5.47 | 1.70 | 7.47 | 1.94 | 3.57 | 2.21 | 7.00 | 2.83 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
| Picture updating | 7.65 | 1.80 | 8.47 | 1.66 | 6.07 | 1.90 | 8.43 | 2.31 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
| NON-TRAINED EF TAKS | ||||||||||
| TMT (B-A)a | 27.00 | 17.51 | 21.12 | 15.50 | 29.07 | 20.44 | 27.36 | 18.30 | 0.52 | 0.01 |
| Stroop testa | 12.00 | 5.51 | 13.76 | 7.66 | 12.14 | 13.83 | 10.64 | 7.74 | 0.34 | 0.03 |
| Digital span backward | 5.00 | 1.28 | 5.53 | 1.74 | 4.14 | 1.10 | 4.43 | 1.83 | 0.62 | 0.01 |
| OTHERS COGNITIVE TASKS | ||||||||||
| Digital span forward | 7.76 | 1.09 | 7.71 | 1.05 | 7.50 | 1.09 | 7.43 | 1.34 | 0.98 | 0.00 |
| TMT-Aa | 32.47 | 6.48 | 26.29 | 8.56 | 36.43 | 8.43 | 27.36 | 6.27 | 0.37 | 0.03 |
| Verbal fluency | 49.00 | 8.30 | 53.12 | 11.29 | 44.93 | 8.68 | 48.93 | 9.26 | 0.97 | 0.00 |
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; ALT: Associative Learning Test; LMT: Logical Memory Test; EF, executive function; TMT: Trail Making Test; MMQ, Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire.
a
Lower scores indicate better performance.
b
P-values for 2 (combined group vs. memory group) × 2 (baseline vs. follow-up) ANOVAs.