Table1.
Demographic, Clinical, and MRI Characteristics
| Characteristic | PTSD Treatment Responders (n=23) |
PTSD Non Treatment Responders (n=17) |
Trauma Exposed Healthy Controls (n=36) |
Group Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 34.4 (8.5) | 37.5 (10.7) | 34.4 (10.8) | F(2, 75) = 0.61; p>.250 |
| Gender, female, % | 78 | 59 | 69 | H(2)=1.73; P > 0.250 |
| Ethnicity | H(2)=0.07; P > 0.250 |
|||
| White, n | 4 | 6 | 11 | |
| African American, n | 3 | 7 | 12 | |
| Hispanic, n | 13 | 4 | 12 | |
| Other, n | 3 | 0 | 1 | |
| Recency of trauma, mean (SD), y |
15.8 (14.4) | 12.4 (9.3) | 11.4 (12.5) | F(2, 75) = 0.87; p>0.250 |
| Age at primary trauma, mean (SD), y |
27.9 (8.8) | 32.1 (12.6) | 25.9 (10.2) | F(2, 75) = 2.09; p=0.130 |
| Total number of Traumatic Events, mean (SD) |
3.7 (3.6) | 3.8 (3.4) | 2.4 (2.4) | H(2)=2.91; P =0.220 |
| Trauma Type | ||||
| Natural Disaster, n | 10 | 4 | 9 | |
| Fire/Explosion, n | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
| Accident, n | 14 | 6 | 12 | |
| Toxic Exposure, n | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Physical Assault, n | 8 | 8 | 14 | |
| Assault w/ Weapon, n | 9 | 7 | 6 | |
| Sexual Assault, n | 11 | 7 | 5 | |
| Other Sexual Contact, n | 4 | 3 | 5 | |
| Combat, n | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| Captivity, n | 5 | 1 | 1 | |
| Illness or Injury, n | 2 | 0 | 4 | |
| Severe Suffering, n | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
| Violent Death, n | 6 | 8 | 3 | |
| Unexpected Death, n | 7 | 5 | 17 | |
| Terrorism, n | 6 | 0 | 5 | |
| Other, n | 8 | 2 | 5 | |
| Baseline CAPS total score, mean (SD) |
81.3 (16.4) | 81.0 (14.5) | 3.2 (3.6) | F (2, 70) = 337; p<0.001 |
| Followup CAPS total score, mean (SD) |
23.0 (20.4) | 68.0 (10.8) | 3.3 (6.1) | F (2, 46) = 27.0; p<0.001 |
| Baseline HAM-D total score, mean (SD |
16.2 (5.7) | 16.5 (5.7) | 2.2 (2.4) | F (2, 70) = 90.1; p=<0.001 |
| Followup HAM-D total score, mean (SD |
8.2 (6.9) | 16.3 (5.7) | 2.9 (3.3) | F (2, 46) = 8.6; p=0.001 |
| Lifetime Alcohol Dependence, n |
2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Right Hippocampus, mean (SD) |
4164.8 (405.8) |
3912.2 (491.2) | 4221.1(443.4) | F (2, 71) =3.26; p=0.04a |
| Left Hippocampus, mean (SD) |
4032.9 (412.5) |
3848.1 (569.8) | 4093.3(339.5) | F (2, 71) =2.84; p=0.06a |
| Total Hippocampal volume, mean (SD) |
8197.7 (792.9) |
7760.2 (1042.1) |
8315.2(758.3) | F (2, 71) =3.42; p=0.038a, η2 = 0.088 |
Abbreviation: TEHC, Trauma Exposed Healthy Controls; CAPS, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
a
Analysis controlled for age, sex, and total brain volume
bAnalysis controlled for age and sex