Table 1. Baseline characteristics before and after matching.
| Characteristic | Before Matching | After Matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDMP Evaluation Cohort (n = 41,303) | Potential Controls (n = 463,173) | SDiff | Matched CDMP Group (n = 30,057) | Matched Control Group (n = 30,057) | SDiff | |
| Age 1 | n = 39,184 | n = 463,171 | n = 30,057 | n = 30,057 | ||
| <50 y | 3,710 (9.5%) | 43,450 (9.4%) | 0.00 | 2,646 (8.8%) | 2,805 (9.3%) | 0.02 |
| 50 to <65 y | 8,160 (20.8%) | 115,886 (25.0%) | 0.10 | 6,042 (20.1%) | 6,706 (22.3%) | 0.05 |
| 65 to <75 y | 9,981 (25.5%) | 119,027 (25.7%) | 0.01 | 7,708 (25.6%) | 7,289 (24.3%) | 0.03 |
| ≥75 y | 17,333 (44.2%) | 184,808 (39.9%) | 0.09 | 13,661 (45.5%) | 13,257 (44.1%) | 0.03 |
| Sex 1 | n = 41,241 | n = 463,156 | n = 30,057 | n = 30,057 | ||
| Male | 19,694 (47.8%) | 216,171 (46.7%) | 0.02 | 14,189 (47.2%) | 14,030 (46.7%) | 0.01 |
| Female | 21,547 (52.2%) | 246,985 (53.3%) | 15,868 (52.8%) | 16,027 (53.3%) | ||
| Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander 1 | n = 41,283 | n = 463,173 | n = 30,057 | n = 30,057 | ||
| Yes | 2,423 (5.9%) | 9,983 (2.2%) | 0.19 | 1,831 (6.1%) | 1,448 (4.8%) | 0.06 |
| No | 38,860 (94.1%) | 453,190 (97.8%) | 28,226 (93.9%) | 28,609 (95.2%) | ||
| Marital status 1 | n = 0 | n = 463,173 | n = 30,057 | n = 30,057 | ||
| Married | n/a | 231,686 (50.0%) | n/a | 13,923 (46.3%) | 14,354 (47.8%) | 0.03 |
| Never married | n/a | 51,662 (11.2%) | n/a | 3,593 (12.0%) | 3,567 (11.9%) | 0.00 |
| Widowed | n/a | 84,813 (18.3%) | n/a | 6,411 (21.3%) | 6,330 (21.1%) | 0.01 |
| Divorced/separated | n/a | 85,847 (18.5%) | n/a | 5,765 (19.2%) | 5,366 (17.9%) | 0.03 |
| Unknown/missing | n/a | 9,165 (2.0%) | n/a | 365 (1.2%) | 440 (1.5%) | 0.02 |
| Service utilisation (last 12 mo) 2 | n = 41,303 | n = 463,173 | n = 30,746 | n = 30,746 | ||
| Any avoidable admission | 16,955 (41.1%) | 88,417 (19.1%) | 0.49 | 15,382 (51.2%) | 15,444 (51.4%) | 0.00 |
| Number of avoidable admissions 3 | 0.79 (1.57) | 0.26 (0.76) | 0.43 | 0.95 (1.39) | 1.00 (1.95) | 0.03 |
| Any unplanned admission | 26,355 (63.8%) | 220,277 (47.6%) | 0.33 | 24,478 (81.4%) | 22,807 (75.9%) | 0.13 |
| Number of unplanned admissions 3 | 1.49 (1.91) | 0.68 (1.23) | 0.50 | 1.85 (1.78) | 1.74 (2.33) | 0.06 |
| Any hospital admission | 30,090 (72.9%) | 396,559 (85.6%) | 0.32 | 28,094 (93.5%) | 28,186 (93.8%) | 0.01 |
| Number of hospital admissions 3 | 3.28 (11.37) | 2.16 (8.81) | 0.11 | 4.16 (12.77) | 4.81 (15.22) | 0.05 |
| Days since last hospital admission 3 | 198 (110) | 128 (125) | 0.59 | 198 (111) | 199 (112) | 0.01 |
| Any ED presentation | 28,402 (68.8%) | 281,592 (60.8%) | 0.17 | 26,455 (88.0%) | 24,920 (82.9%) | 0.15 |
| Number of ED presentations 3 | 1.99 (3.19) | 0.97 (1.47) | 0.41 | 2.45 (2.65) | 2.35 (3.82) | 0.03 |
| Days since last ED presentation 3 | 191 (109) | 125 (124) | 0.57 | 192 (110) | 188 (111) | 0.04 |
| ED presentations by triage category (last 12 mo) 2 | n = 41,303 | n = 463,173 | n = 30,746 | n = 30,746 | ||
| Non-urgent | 3,369 (8.2%) | 29,834 (6.4%) | 0.07 | 3,150 (10.5%) | 3,126 (10.4%) | 0.00 |
| Semi-urgent | 13,074 (31.7%) | 113,404 (24.5%) | 0.16 | 12,140 (40.4%) | 11,293 (37.6%) | 0.06 |
| Urgent | 18,024 (43.6%) | 133,136 (28.7%) | 0.31 | 16,631 (55.3%) | 15,288 (50.9%) | 0.09 |
| Emergency | 12,835 (31.1%) | 70,958 (15.3%) | 0.38 | 11,976 (39.9%) | 10,524 (35.0%) | 0.10 |
| Resuscitation | 831 (2.0%) | 4,843 (1.1%) | 0.08 | 749 (2.5%) | 780 (2.6%) | 0.01 |
| Co-morbidities reported at last hospitalisation (last 12 mo) 2 | n = 30,090 | n = 396,559 | n = 28,094 | n = 28,186 | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 7,943 (26.4%) | 52,643 (13.3%) | 0.33 | 7,550 (26.9%) | 6,925 (24.6%) | 0.05 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3,275 (10.9%) | 9,365 (2.4%) | 0.35 | 3,012 (10.7%) | 2,851 (10.1%) | 0.02 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4,915 (16.3%) | 13,038 (3.3%) | 0.45 | 4,266 (15.2%) | 4,151 (14.7%) | 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 20,201 (67.1%) | 199,058 (50.2%) | 0.35 | 18,982 (67.6%) | 18,752 (66.5%) | 0.02 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1,113 (3.7%) | 18,015 (4.5%) | 0.04 | 1,047 (3.7%) | 1,348 (4.8%) | 0.05 |
| Dementia | 615 (2.0%) | 9,546 (2.4%) | 0.03 | 565 (2.0%) | 903 (3.2%) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes | 5,946 (19.8%) | 33,764 (8.5%) | 0.33 | 5,277 (18.8%) | 5,504 (19.5%) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 657 (2.2%) | 3,282 (0.8%) | 0.11 | 535 (1.9%) | 741 (2.6%) | 0.05 |
| Obesity | 963 (3.2%) | 7,377 (1.9%) | 0.09 | 885 (3.2%) | 927 (3.3%) | 0.01 |
| Renal disease | 6,490 (21.6%) | 46,109 (11.6%) | 0.27 | 5,990 (21.3%) | 6,156 (21.8%) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory disease | 11,123 (37.0%) | 62,674 (15.8%) | 0.49 | 10,160 (36.2%) | 9,706 (34.4%) | 0.04 |
| Smoking | 5,769 (19.2%) | 47,811 (12.1%) | 0.20 | 5,289 (18.8%) | 5,016 (17.8%) | 0.03 |
| Number co-morbidities | ||||||
| 0–2 | 9,872 (32.8%) | 154,570 (39.0%) | 0.13 | 9,238 (32.9%) | 9,518 (33.8%) | 0.02 |
| 3–5 | 11,244 (37.4%) | 146,571 (37.0%) | 0.01 | 10,512 (37.4%) | 10,238 (36.3%) | 0.02 |
| 6+ | 8,974 (29.8%) | 95,418 (24.1%) | 0.13 | 8,344 (29.7%) | 8,430 (29.9%) | 0.00 |
Data presented as number (percent) unless otherwise indicated.
1Age, sex, marital status, and Aboriginal status obtained at the most recent hospitalisation or ED presentation. For the CDMP evaluation cohort, this information was obtained from the CDMP minimum dataset (marital status not captured).
2For the CDMP evaluation cohort, the matched CDMP group, and the matched control group, service utilisation outcomes were obtained for the 3 or 12 mo preceding enrolment or matching. For potential controls, service utilisation outcomes were obtained by randomly selecting a 12-mo period between 1 January 2010 and 30 November 2013.
3Continuous variables summarised with mean (SD).
n/a, not available.