Skip to main content
. 2016 Jun 7;11(6):e0157151. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157151

Table 3. Proportion of correct responses to knowledge questions on CLBP, CHDs and PDN: Subgroup Analysis.

Questions Gender Years of Practice Hours of Practice/Week Population Size of Practice
Male Female P value ≤10 >10 P value ≤24 >24 P value Rural Urban P value
N = 190 (%) N = 202 (%) N = 108 (%) N = 284 (%) N = 78 (%) N = 314 (%) N = 141 (%) N = 251 (%)
CLBP knowledge CLBP is always related to injury 171 (49) 180 (51) >0.05 94 (27) 257 (73) >0.05 70 (20) 281 (80) > 0.05 128 (36) 223 (64) > 0.05
CLBP can be described as aching, burning, stabbing, tingling, dull or sharp 82 (47) 92 (53) >0.05 34 (20) 140 (81) <0.05 34 (20) 140 (80) > 0.05 64 (37) 110 (63) > 0.05
Back pain usually gets worse before it gets better 147 (47) 163 (53) >0.05 72 (23) 238 (77) <0.001 63 (20) 247 (80) > 0.05 115 (37) 195 (63) > 0.05
Bed rest is helpful 111 (48) 121 (52) >0.05 68 (29) 164 (71) ≥0.05 46 (20) 186 (80) > 0.05 98 (42) 134 (58) > 0.05
Appropriate dose of morphine for pain is whatever dose relieves the pain as completely as possible 78 (56) 61 (44) <0.05 27 (19) 112 (81) <0.05 26 (19) 113 (81) > 0.05 35 (25) 104 (75) = 0.001
Treatment with non-prescription analgesics should be first line 78 (52) 71 (48) >0.05 34 (23) 115 (77) >0.05 20 (13) 129 (87) < 0.05 50 (34) 99 (66) > 0.05
Patients should avoid all painful movements 26 (51) 25 (49) >0.05 15 (29) 36 (71) >0.05 7 (14) 44 (86) > 0.05 17 (33) 34 (67) > 0.05
Chronic ibuprofen use can worsen blood pressure 158 (47) 181 (53) >0.05 94 (28) 245 (72) >0.05 65 (19) 274 (81) > 0.05 127 (37) 212 (63) > 0.05
CHDs knowledge Migraine is primarily a disease of the brain, with a well-established neurological basis 58 (49) 61 (51) >0.05 24 (20) 95 (80) >0.05 24 (20) 95 (80) > 0.05 35 (29) 84 (71) > 0.05
Muscular factors and stress contribute to chronic tension-type headaches 180 (48) 196 (52) >0.05 99 (26) 277 (74) <0.05 75 (20) 301 (80) > 0.05 135 (36) 241 (64) > 0.05
Migraine patients should be asked if headaches inhibit work, school and household tasks 182 (48) 194 (52) >0.05 101 (27) 275 (73) >0.05 73 (19) 303 (81) > 0.05 134 (36) 242 (64) > 0.05
Patients who suffer from severe migraines should try non-prescription medications first, then try prescription medications 82 (49) 84 (51) >0.05 49 (30) 117 (70) >0.05 32 (19) 134 (81) > 0.05 64 (39) 102 (61) > 0.05
Headache suffers should guard against medication over-use 181 (49) 190 (51) >0.05 98 (26) 273 (74) <0.05 75 (20) 296 (80) > 0.05 130 (35) 241 (65) > 0.05
Prophylactic drug therapy is recommended for chronic headaches 156 (48) 172 (52) >0.05 96 (29) 232 (71) >0.05 58 (18) 270 (82) < 0.05 115 (35) 213 (65) > 0.05
Combination analgesics with codeine are reasonable first-line options 96 (46) 114 (54) >0.05 60 (29) 150 (71) >0.05 46 (22) 164 (78) > 0.05 84 (40) 126 (60) > 0.05
Triptans should be reserved for patients who have failed at least two other prescription medications 83 (40) 124 (60) <0.001 52 (25) 155 (75) >0.05 41 (20) 166 (80) > 0.05 80 (39) 127 (61) > 0.05
PDN knowledge PDN is a result of damage to nerves in a hyperglycemic environment 170 (48) 184 (52) >0.05 100 (28) 254 (72) >0.05 70 (20) 284 (80) > 0.05 122 (34) 232 (66) > 0.05
PDN results from both peripheral and central sensitization mechanisms 126 (49) 130 (51) >0.05 61 (24) 195 (76) <0.05 55 (21) 201 (79) > 0.05 84 (33) 172 (67) > 0.05
All patients with diabetes will develop PDN 169 (48) 184 (52) >0.05 98 (28) 255 (72) >0.05 66 (19) 287 (81) > 0.05 128 (36) 225 (64) > 0.05
Optimal glycemic control is the cornerstone of treatment 163 (50) 165 (50) >0.05 80 (24) 248 (76) <0.05 63 (19) 265 (81) > 0.05 117 (36) 211 (64) > 0.05
Tramadol is a reasonable initial treatment option 93 (48) 99 (52) >0.05 57 (30) 135 (70) >0.05 34 (18) 158 (82) > 0.05 73 (38) 119 (62) > 0.05
A reasonable starting dose for gabapentin in a patient with severe renal failure is 600mg three times a day 143 (47) 161 (53) >0.05 81 (27) 223 (73) >0.05 62 (20) 242 (80) > 0.05 116 (38) 188 (62) > 0.05
Tricyclic antidepressants are effective 146 (47) 162 (53) >0.05 94 (31) 214 (69) <0.05 57 (19) 251 (81) > 0.05 113 (37) 195 (63) > 0.05