Table 2.

Summary RRs (95% CIs) of pancreatic cancer with leisure-time, moderate and vigorous physical activity in all prospective studies and in subgroups according to study characteristics

	N studies/ n estimates	RR (95% CI)	P Heterogeneity	P Interaction
Leisure-time physical activity
All prospective studies	14/17	0.94 (0.84, 1.05)	0.6
Region
North America	6/6	1.06 (0.88, 1.28)	0.39
Europe	5/6	0.84 (0.70, 1.02)	0.78	0.08
Asia	3/5	0.88 (0.69, 1.13)	0.58	0.23
Sex*
Men	9/9	0.92 (0.78, 1.09)	0.96	0.79
Women	8/8	0.90 (0.70, 1.16)	0.22
Follow-up
<10 years	4/4	0.90 (0.74, 1.11)	0.38	0.71
≥10 years	10/13	0.95 (0.83, 1.09)	0.55
Adjustment for BMI or diabetes
Yes	11/13	0.93 (0.81, 1.06)	0.88	0.84
No	3/4	0.88 (0.59, 1.29)	0.07
Moderate physical activity
All prospective studies	6/7	0.83 (0.58, 1.18)	<0.001
Region
North America	5/5	0.76 (0.47, 1.24)	0.001	0.62
Multiethnic	1/2	0.95 (0.50, 1.82)	0.014
Sex*
Men	2/2	0.75 (0.24, 2.36)	0.001	0.89
Women	4/4	0.75 (0.51, 1.09)	0.09
Follow-up
<10 years	1/2	0.95 (0.50, 1.82)	0.014	0.62
≥10 years	5/5	0.76 (0.47, 1.24)	0.001
Adjustment for BMI or diabetes
Yes	5/6	0.77 (0.50, 1.17)	<0.001	0.46
No	1/1	1.14 (0.79, 1.65)	NA
Vigorous physical activity
All prospective studies	7/7	0.94 (0.80, 1.12)	0.717
Region
North America	6/6	0.89 (0.73, 1.07)	0.899	0.15
Europe	1/1	1.21 (0.83, 1.77)	NA
Sex*
Men	2/2	1.04 (0.68, 1.60)	0.247	0.20
Women	4/4	0.79 (0.59,1.06)	0.46
Follow-up
<10 years	2/2	1.06 0.82, 1.35)	0.346	0.23
≥10 years	5/5	0.86 (0.68, 1.08)	0.848
Adjustment for BMI or diabetes
Yes	6/6	0.95 (0.79, 1.13)	0.594	0.96
No	1/1	0.93 (0.55, 1.57)	NA

^*Included only studies that reported sex-specific estimates.