Figure 1. Humoral and cellular immune responses generated in mice by DNA-based epitope vaccine using TDS-IM EP system and protein-based AD epitope vaccine formulated with Quil-A adjuvant. (A and B) Cellular responses are specific to Thep protein, but not Aβ₄₀ peptide. Splenocytes were re-stimulated with 10 µg/mL protein or Aβ₄₀ peptide. (C) Concentrations of anti-Aβ antibodies were detected after 3rd immunizations in sera from individual mice. Bars indicate average ± SD (n = 5 per group, **P ≤ 0.01, ****P ≤ 0.0001).