Table 2. Comparison of hepatitis A cases and risk factors for cases in the border region and non-border region, 2006–2011, Arizona.
| Arizona n = 625 |
Border Region n = 193 |
Non-border Region n = 432 |
p-value for chi-square test† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race/ethnicity | White, non-Hispanic | 224 (36%) | 55 (29%) | 169 (39%) | P < 0.0001* |
| Hispanic | 215 (34%) | 110 (57%) | 105 (24%) | ||
| Other | 46 (7%) | 6 (3%) | 40 (9%) | ||
| Unknown | 140 (22%) | 22 (11%) | 118 (27%) | ||
| Age: mean (95% CI); median | 35.4 (33.9–36.9); 32 | 32.5 (29.6–35.4); 28 | 36.7 (34.9–38.5); 35 | P value for t test = 0.01* | |
| Age group | <1 y | 6 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1%) | P = 0.001* |
| 1–4 y | 9 (1%) | 5 (3%) | 4 (1%) | ||
| 5–14 y | 70 (11%) | 35 (18%) | 35 (8%) | ||
| 15–24 y | 142 (23%) | 43 (22%) | 99 (23%) | ||
| 25–64 y | 347 (56%) | 93 (48%) | 254 (59%) | ||
| 65+ years | 50 (8%) | 17 (9%) | 33 (8%) | ||
| Risk factor data available | 450 (72%) | 169 (88%) | 281 (65%) | P < 0.0001* | |
| International travel | Yes | 229 (51%) | 95 (56%) | 134 (48%) | P = 0.11 |
| No | 197 (44%) | 67 (40%) | 130 (46%) | ||
| Unknown | 24 (5%) | 7 (4%) | 17 (6%) | ||
| Daycare employment, attendance, or contact | Yes | 26 (6%) | 12 (7%) | 14 (5%) | P = 0.38 |
| No | 411 (91%) | 154 (91%) | 257 (91%) | ||
| Unknown | 13 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 10 (4%) | ||
| Sexual or household contact with hepatitis A case | Yes | 37 (8%) | 7 (4%) | 30 (11%) | P = 0.01* |
| No | 301 (67%) | 122 (72%) | 179 (64%) | ||
| Unknown | 112 (25%) | 40 (24%) | 72 (24%) | ||
| Men who had sex with men (includes men only) | Yes | 16 (7%) | 2 (2%) | 14 (9%) | P = 0.07 |
| No | 122 (52%) | 43 (49%) | 79 (53%) | ||
| Unknown | 98 (42%) | 42 (48%) | 56 (38%) | ||
| Injecting drug use | Yes | 10 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 9 (3%) | P = 0.05 |
| No | 349 (78%) | 145 (86%) | 204 (73%) | ||
| Unknown | 91 (20%) | 23 (14%) | 68 (24%) | ||
| Foodborne outbreak | Yes | 10 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (4%) | P = 0.01 * |
| No | 297 (66%) | 127 (75%) | 170 (61%) | ||
| Unknown | 143 (32%) | 42 (25%) | 101 (36%) | ||
| Number of risk factors identified | None | 158 (35%) | 62 (37%) | 96 (34%) | P = 0.80 |
| 1 | 256 (57%) | 96 (57%) | 160 (57%) | ||
| 2 | 32 (7%) | 10 (6%) | 22 (8%) | ||
| 3 | 4 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (1%) | ||
† Chi-square tests for differences in proportions compare Border to Non-Border regions. “Unknown” answers are excluded from the chi-square analysis. *Indicates a significant difference between proportions in the border and non-border regions at α = 0.05.