Table S1.
Timing of reward | Criminal convictions (age 15–31) | Child Welfare Committee (age 0–18) | ||||
Any crime | Violent crime | Property crime | Any crime | Violent crime | Property crime | |
Certainly immediate | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Probably immediate | −0.015 | −0.000 | −0.023* | −0.004 | 0.002 | −0.031** |
(0.016) | (0.007) | (0.013) | (0.019) | (0.004) | (0.014) | |
Indifferent | −0.020 | −0.000 | −0.015 | −0.035** | 0.007* | −0.020 |
(0.015) | (0.007) | (0.013) | (0.017) | (0.004) | (0.014) | |
Probably delay | −0.016 | −0.002 | −0.021* | −0.031** | 0.005 | −0.030** |
(0.014) | (0.006) | (0.012) | (0.016) | (0.003) | (0.012) | |
Certainly delay | −0.004 | −0.000 | −0.017 | −0.023 | 0.004 | −0.023* |
(0.014) | (0.006) | (0.012) | (0.016) | (0.003) | (0.012) | |
Sample mean | 0.058 | 0.010 | 0.033 | 0.071 | 0.006 | 0.033 |
Obs | 6,595 | 6,595 | 6,595 | 6,595 | 6,595 | 6,595 |
See Table 1. ***Significant at the 1% level; **significant at the 5% level; *significant at the 10% level. Ref., reference group.