UvrD induced pushing of Cy5-SSB on 5′dT-Cy3-(dT)140. (A) Representative smTIRF time trajectory for 5′-Cy3-dT140 immobilized on the slide surface shows only Cy3 fluorescence (green). (B) Addition of 2.5 nM Cy5-labeled SSB, incubated for 5 min, followed by washing out of free protein results in the appearance of fluctuating Cy5 fluorescence (red) reflecting bound and diffusing SSB. (C) Addition of 100 nM UvrD with 1 mM ATP results in the appearance of saw-tooth-shaped FRET spikes (blue). Solution conditions: 10 mM Tris, pH 8.1,10% glycerol, 100 mM NaCl, and 5 mM MgCl2, 25 °C.