Table 5. PPPM cost differences of first RV episodes relative to their matched control episodes in commercially insured and Medicaid populations, overall and stratified by age and pre/post-RV vaccine availability.
| PPPM cost differences (incremental cost of RV episodes)12 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial | Medicaid | |||
| Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | |
| Overall | $3363 | ($3308–$3418) | $1831 | ($1768–$1887) |
| Hospitalizations | $2484 | ($2429–$2541) | $1374 | ($1318–$1426) |
| Outpatient visits | $416 | ($397–$434) | $166 | ($158–$174) |
| ER visits | $430 | ($414–$445) | $214 | ($205–$224) |
| Pharmacy | $34 | ($30–$37) | $76 | ($67–$85) |
| Age | ||||
| <1 y | ||||
| Pre1 | $3368 | ($3191–$3523) | $1712 | ($1629–$1806) |
| Post1 | $2992 | ($2782–$3216) | $2266 | ($1884–$2629) |
| 0 to <2 mo | ||||
| Pre1 | $3839 | ($3080–$4607) | $2448 | ($1986–$2938) |
| Post1 | $3355 | ($2735–$4008) | $2769 | ($1348–$3882) |
| 2 to <4 mo | ||||
| Pre1 | $3153 | ($2550–$3697) | $1818 | ($1539–$2099) |
| Post1 | $2703 | ($2051–$3407) | $2083 | ($1339–$2738) |
| 4 to <6 mo | ||||
| Pre1 | $3717 | ($3235–$4201) | $1819 | ($1587–$2100) |
| Post1 | $2623 | ($2074–$3216) | $3112 | ($1973–$4494) |
| 6 to <12 mo | ||||
| Pre1 | $3266 | ($3072–$3449) | $1556 | ($1463–$1666) |
| Post1 | $3045 | ($2791–$3324) | $1911 | ($1544–$2301) |
| 1 to <2 y | ||||
| Pre1 | $3416 | ($3299–$3517) | $1774 | ($1700–$1861) |
| Post1 | $3427 | ($3295–$3581) | $2146 | ($1813–$2532) |
| 2 to <5 y | ||||
| Pre1 | $3401 | ($3267–$3525) | $1838 | ($1713–$1970) |
| Post1 | $3768 | ($3617–$3919) | $2298 | ($1921–$2727) |
Notes: CI, confidence interval; PPPM, per-patient per-month; RV, rotavirus; SD, standard deviation. Costs are in 2010 USD.1Pre- and post-RV vaccine availability periods were defined the time through January 1, 2007 and the time after that date, respectively; 2The incremental cost analysis tests the null hypothesis of cost difference equal to $0 between RV and control episodes.