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. 2014 Sep 9;10(8):2503–2506. doi: 10.4161/hv.29201

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graphic file with name khvi-10-08-10929201-g003.jpg — Figure 3. IgG antibody titers in immune SPF chickens. (A) IgG antibody titers in serum of SPF chickens immunized with PBS (IM), blank PLGA-NPs (IM), blank PLGA-NPs (IN), and the naked plasmid DNA (IM), pFNDV-PLGA-NPs (IM), pFNDV-PLGA-NPs (IN) or pFNDV-PLGA-NPs (IM/IN); (B) IgG antibody titers in serum of SPF chickens immunized with PBS (IM), blank CS-NP (IM), blank CS-NP (IN), and the naked plasmid DNA (IM), pFNDV-CS-NPs (IM), pFNDV-CS-NPs (IN); (C) IgG antibody titers in serum of SPF chickens immunized with NDV-CS-NPs orally, NDV-CS-NPs intranasally, LaSota live vaccine intranasally, inactivated NDV vaccines, blank CS-NPs control, and physiological saline by oral route. Abbreviations: CS, chitosan; NDV, Newcastle disease virus; IM, intramuscularly; IN, intranasally; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; pFNDV-PLGA-NPs, the F gene of Newcastle disease virus encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles; pFNDV-CS-NPs, Newcastle disease virus F gene encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles; HN, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein; F, fusionprotein; P, phosphoprotein; M, matrix protein.