Table 2.

Types of polymeric fiber mats and their clinical uses as topical drug delivery vehicles.

Therapeutic molecule class	Example molecules	Polymer delivery system	Solvent	Electrospinning setup	Fiber diameter^	In vitro drug release	Refs
Antimicrobial	Fusidic acid	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Dichloromethane	Standard	200 nm–2 µm	9–15 days	[151,152]
	Linezolid	Poly(ε-caprolactone)	Acetone	Standard	450–800 nm	1–14 days	[153]
		Poly(L-lactic acid)	Hexafluoroisopropanol	Standard, co-axial	260 nm–2 µm	1 — at least 5 days	[178]
	Tetracycline hydrochloride	Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), poly(lactic acid), and their blends	Chloroform/methanol	Standard	1–6 µm	Hours to at least 5 days	[255]
	Iodine	Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethylene oxide)/PVP	Water	Standard*	230–730 nm	Data not available	[155]
	Cefazolin	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Tetrahydrofuran/dimethylformamide	Standard	450–500 nm	Data not available	[147]
	Mupirocin	Poly(L-lactic acid)	Hexafluoroisopropanol	Standard, dual	Data not available	At least 3 days	[140]
	Silver nanoparticles	Poly(ε-caprolactone)	Acetone	Standard	2–4.3 µm	Data not available	[156]
		Zein	Citric acid in ethanol	Standard	350–500 nm	Data not available	[157]
		Poly(dopamine methacrylamide-co-methyl methacrylate)	Dimethylformamide	Standard	800 nm	At least 7 days	[158]
	Gentamycin sulfate	Polycaprolactone	Chloroform (shell)/distilled water (core)	Coaxial	153 nm–1.7 µm	7 days	[149]
	Cefoxitin sodium	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)	Dimethylformamide/water	Standard	260 nm	7 days	[148]
Antifungal	Itraconazole	Polyurethane	Dimethylformamide	Standard	300 nm–2 µm	24 h	[141]
Antioxidant	Vitamin E	Silk fibroin	Water	Standard	380–723 nm	3 days	[172]
	Green tea polyphenols	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Acetone/dimethylformamide	Standard	780 nm	10–14 days	[177]
	Vitamin A	Cellulose acetate	Acetone/dimethylacetamide	Standard	250 nm	6 days	[173]
	Resveratrol	Polycaprolactone	Chloroform (shell)/ethanol(core)	Coaxial	147 nm–1.6 µm	7 days	[149]
Anti-proliferative	Dexamethasone	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Acetone/dimethylformamide	Standard	780 nm	At least 25 days	[177]
Local anesthetic	Bupivacaine	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)	Hexafluoroisopropanol	Standard	800 nm–1 µm	12 days	[174]
	Vancomycin Gentamicin	Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/collagen	Hexafluoroisopropanol	Standard, multiple	55–314 nm	At least 21 days	[175]
	Lidocaine	Poly(L-lactic acid)	Hexafluoroisopropanol	Standard, dual	Data not available	15 days 1 h–3 days	[140]
Wound healing	Epidermal growth factor	Poly(ε-caprolactone)/hyaluronic acid	Chloroform/formic acid/water	Standard	150 nm	At least 30 days	[161]
	Basic fibroblast growth factor	Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(DL-lactide)	Chloroform/PBS	Standard	780 nm	25 days	[165]
		Hyaluronic acid	Sodium hydroxide/dimethylformamide	Dual	486 nm	5 days	[167]
	Ketanserin	Polyurethane	Dimethylacetamide	Standard	500 nm–2 µm	24 h	[141]
	Vascular endothelial growth factor	Gelatin nanoparticles in hyaluronic acid	Sodium hydroxide/dimethylformamide	Dual	486–534 nm	28 days	[167]
		Platelet-derived growth factor	Gelatin nanoparticles in collagen	Acetic acid		28 days
		Endothelial growth factor	Collagen	Acetic acid		21 days

^*Polymer was electrospun using a standard electrospinning setup, however, therapeutic molecule was loaded after.

^{^}Fiber diameter is reported as a range if the authors investigated the effects of electrospinning parameters on fiber morphology.