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. 2016 Jun 8;7:55. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00055

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The relationship between binding of ligands to the pattern recognition AGE receptor (RAGE) and inflammation, gene expression, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and activation of an inflammatory cascade involving a cadre of inflammatory cytokines as an afferent arc impacting the brainstem nuclei initiating an efferent arc, in which acetylcholine binds to its receptor inhibiting the activation of the inflammatory cascade.