Table 5.
List of parameters used for the sympathetic (symp), vagal (vag), and metabolic (met) controls.
| Symbol | Equations | Unit | Value (Healthy) | Value (HF) | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTCs | TC symp control gain | (21) | s/(spikes/s) | −0.09 | −0.0594 | Ursino, 1998 (Healthy) |
| CTCv | TC vag control gain | (22) | s/(spikes/s) | 0.07 | 0.0462 | est. Ogoh et al., 2005 (HF) |
| CElmaxs | Elmax symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 0.61 | 0.2 | est. Fresiello et al., 2014 |
| CErmaxs | Ermax symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 0.133 | 0.133 | |
| CRubas | Ruba symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg·s/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 1.16 | 1.62 | |
| CRkidas | Rkida symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg·s/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 1.10 | 1.53 | |
| CRspas | Rspa symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg·s/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 0.95 | 1.32 | |
| CRllas | Rlla symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg·s/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 2.4 | 4.06 | |
| CRrlas | Rlra symp control gain | (21) | (mmHg·s/cm3)/(spikes/s) | 2.4 | 4.06 | |
| CRubaMet | Ruba met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.73 | est. Pawelczyk et al., 1992; Calbet, 2006; Heinonen et al., 2013 | |
| CRkidaMet | Rkida met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.69 | ||
| CRspaMet | Rspa met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.6 | ||
| CRllaMet | Rlla met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 1.5 | ||
| CRrlaMet | Rlra met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 1.5 | ||
| CRubvMet | Rubv met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.046 | ||
| CRkidvMet | Rkidv met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.06 | ||
| CRspvMet | Rspv met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.036 | ||
| CRllvMet | Rllv met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.12 | ||
| CRrlvMet | Rlrv met control gain | (26) | mmHg·s/cm3 | 0.12 | ||
| CVub0s | Vub0 symp control gain | (21) | cm3/(spikes/s) | −28.1 | −28.1 | est. Fresiello et al., 2014 |
| CVkid0s | Vkid0 symp control gain | (21) | cm3/(spikes/s) | −6.5 | −6.1 | |
| CVsp0s | Vsp0 symp control gain | (21) | cm3/(spikes/s) | −228.3v | −228.3 | |
| CVll0 | Vll0 symp control gain | (21) | cm3/(spikes/s) | −7.8 | −7.8 | |
| CVrl0 | Vlr0 symp control gain | (21) | cm3/(spikes/s) | −7.8 | −7.8 | |
| CO2ubvRef | Reference value for CO2ubv | (25) | ml O2/dl blood | 14 | 12 | Healthy: Lanzarone et al., 2007 HF: est. Sullivan et al., 1989 |
| CO2kidvRef | Reference value for CO2kidv | (25) | ml O2/dl blood | 17.5 | 15.5 | |
| CO2spvRef | Reference value for CO2spv | (25) | ml O2/dl blood | 15 | 13 | |
| CO2llvRef | Reference value for CO2llv | (25) | ml O2/dl blood | 14 | 12 | |
| CO2rlvRef | Reference value for CO2lrv | (25) | ml O2/dl blood | 14 | 12 | |
| kMET | sfRiMet slope parameter | (25) | dl blood/ml O2 | 1.8 | est. Pawelczyk et al., 1992; Calbet, 2006; Heinonen et al., 2013 | |
| S0 | Ratio of basal arterial resistance | (28) | 0.27 | |||
| TMET | Time constant met control | (26) | s | 2 | Lanzarone et al., 2007 | |
| TElmax | Time constant Elmax symp control | (23) | s | 8 | Ursino, 1998 | |
| TErmax | Time constant Ermax symp control | (23) | s | 8 | ||
| TRis | Time constant Ri symp control | (23) | s | 6 | ||
| TTCs | Time constant TC symp control | (23) | s | 2 | ||
| TTCv | Time constant TC vag control | (23) | s | 1.5 | ||
| TVis | Time constant Vi symp control | (23) | s | 20 | ||