Table 2.
Summary of the studies reviewed.
| Eligible studies | Focus of study | Study design | Participant details: gender (F/M), subject (age) |
Knee laxity | Functional performance tests | Patient reported tools | Results (LSI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative assessment | Qualitative assessment | |||||||
| (1) Ageberg et al. [23] | Investigation of functional performance for ACLR patients at 2–5 years after injury. | Cohort study | 54 patients (ages 18–35 years) |
N/A | One-leg hop for distance, vertical jump, side hop |
N/A | KOOS, Tegner |
One-leg hop for distance LSI 99.5%, vertical jump LSI 96.4%, side hop LSI 97.9 |
|
| ||||||||
| (2) Baltaci et al. [24] | Determination of acceptability of a Nintendo Wii Fit compared to conventional rehabilitation as a therapy tool for ACLR patients. | RCT | 30 men Wii Fit (n = 15; mean age, 29 ± 7 years) or conventional rehabilitation (n = 15; mean age, 29 ± 6 years) |
N/A | Functional squat tests, SEBT |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (3) Zouita Ben Moussa et al. [25] | ‘‘To analyse postural stability and single-leg hop” measurements in post-ACLR subjects and compare them with an age- and activity-matched control group. | RCT | 26 patients | N/A | Hop for distance, one-leg stance postural stability |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (4) Beynnon et al. [26] | Investigation of any difference in the patient satisfaction and functional performance when providing rehabilitation with either an accelerated or nonaccelerated program. | RCT | 22 patients 11 M/11 F |
Kt-1000 | One-leg hop for distance | N/A | KOOS, IKDC |
N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (5) Beynnon et al. [27] | Investigation of any difference in patient satisfaction, functional performance, and activity level, between patients treated with accelerated versus nonaccelerated rehabilitation programs. | RCT | 36 patients 22 M/14 F |
Kt-1000 | One-leg hop for distance | N/A | KOOS, IKDC, Tegner |
N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (6) Delahunt et al. [28] | Investigation of dynamic postural stability as quantified by the SEBT and simultaneous hip and knee joint kinematics in participants with previous ACL reconstructions. | Cohort study | 31 patients all female |
N/A | SEBT | N/A | KOOS, IKDC |
N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (7) Halinen et al. [29] | Determination of whether nonoperative or early operative treatments of grade III medial collateral ligament rupture lead to similar results. | RCT | 47 patients 27 F/20 M |
Kt-1000 | One-leg hop for distance | N/A | IKDC, Lysholm score |
N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (8) Halinen et al. [30] | Evaluation of the effect of early repair of the concomitant medial collateral ligament injury on the range of motion of the knee in ACLR patients. | RCT | 47 patients | Lacham | One-leg hop for distance | N/A | N/A | One-leg hop for distance: at 52 weeks: Group I LSI 83.1%, Group II LSI 86.1%; at 104 weeks: Group I LSI 90.2%, Group II LSI 93.4% |
|
| ||||||||
| (9) Hartigan et al. [31] | Determination of an effective intervention for improving readiness to return to presurgery activity. | RCT | 40 patients 29 M/11 F (average age of 28.4 years) |
Kt-1000 | Single hop crossover hop, and triple hop tests for distance and the 6-meter timed hop test for speed | N/A | N/A |
6-meter timed hop test: Group I LSI 89.2%, Group II LSI 89.8%; One-leg hop test: Group I LSI 83.7%, Group II LSI 83.1%; Crossover hop test: Group I LSI 81.7%, Group II LSI 85.6%; Triple hop test: Group I LSI 82.4%, Group II LSI 86.4% |
|
| ||||||||
| (10) Lindström et al. [32] | Using computed tomography (CT) to analyze muscle cross-sectional area and attenuation ratios (operated/nonoperated knee). | Cohort study | 37 patients 23 M/14 F (mean age 26.5 Years, range = 16–54) |
Rolimeter | One-leg hop, triple hop, square hop, 6 m timed hop |
N/A | KOOS, Lysholm, knee score Tegner, activity level rating scale |
One-leg hop, preoperative LSI 0.82%, postoperative LSI 0.93% |
|
| ||||||||
| (11) McDevitt et al. [33] | Determination of postoperative functional knee and its influences outcomes. | RCT | 100 patients | Kt-1000 | Single-legged hop test | N/A | IKDC, Lysholm scores |
N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (12) Moksnes and Risberg [34] | Comparison of the functional outcome between ACLR and nonoperative treatment. | Cohort study | 125 patients (ages between 14 and 60 years) |
Kt-1000 | One-leg hop test, the triple hop, the triple crossover hop, and the 6 m timed hop test |
N/A |
(KOS-ADLS), IKDC, global rating of knee function (VAS 0–100) |
Single hop, LSI 91.8%, triple hop 91.4%, triple crossover hop LSI 93.5%, 6 m timed hop test LSI 94.2% |
|
| ||||||||
| (13) Risberg et al. [35] | Determination of the effect of a 6-month neuromuscular training (NT) program versus a traditional strength training (ST) program following ACL surgery. |
RCT | 75 patients 27 F/47 M (mean age 28.4 years, range = 16.7–40.3) |
Kt-1000 | One-leg hop test, triple-jump test, and stair hop test; balance was recorded using static and dynamic balance tests |
N/A | The Cincinnati knee score, two VASs were included: one for pain intensity and one for global knee function SF-36 |
One-leg hop test: preoperative: Group I LSI 93.7%, Group II 90.1%; at 6 months following surgery: Group I LSI 81.0%, Group II LSI 84.9% Triple-jump test: preoperative: Group I LSI 94.6%, Group II LSI 91.8%; at 6 months following surgery: Group I LSI 83.1% Group II LSI 88.5% Stair hop test: preoperative: Group I LSI 84.8%, Group II LSI7 8.4%; at 6 months following surgery: Group I LSI 79.8%, Group II LSI 79.8% |
|
| ||||||||
| (14) Salmon et al. [36] | Determining if there is any difference in outcome between men and women after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. | Cohort study | 200 patients 100 M/100 F |
Kt-1000 | Single-legged hop test, kneeling pain |
N/A | IKDC, Lysholm knee score |
N/A |
|
| ||||||||
| (15) Shaw et al. [37] | The investigation of the effectiveness of quadriceps exercises following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. |
RCT | 103 patients 28 F/75 M |
Kt-1000 | Single-leg hop test, triple hop |
N/A | Cincinnati knee rating system | Single-leg hop test, no quadriceps exercise LSI 81.7%, quadriceps exercise LSI 83.8% Triple hop, no quadriceps exercise LSI 81.8%, quadriceps exercise LSI 83.7% |
|
| ||||||||
| (16) Trulsson et al. [38] | The correlation between a novel test set and commonly used tests of knee function. | Cohort study | 53 patients (mean age 30 years, range 20–39) | N/A | vertical jump, the one-leg hop, and the side hop | Test for substitution patterns (TSP) | KOOS | N/A |