Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Metformin | Placebo | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vigorous exercise | Moderate exercise | Vigorous exercise | Moderate exercise | ||
| Age (yr) | 13.86 (2.38) | 13.39 (2.07) | 13.27 (2.19) | 14.31 (1.99) | 0.47 |
| Sex, male n | 6 (37.50) | 10 (58.82) | 6 (33.33) | 7 (38.89) | 0.43 |
| Ethnicity n | |||||
| Caucasian | 13 (81.25) | 14 (82.35) | 12 (66.67) | 14 (77.78) | 0.78 |
| Black | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (11.11) | |
| Asian | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.56) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Native | 1 (6.25) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.56) | |
| Other | 2 (12.50) | 1 (5.88) | 5 (27.78) | 1 (5.56) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.43 (5.67) | 31.56 (5.19) | 32.15 (6.34) | 31.96 (5.08) | 0.46 |
| BMI z-score | 2.31 (0.31) | 2.14 (0.41) | 2.15 (1.51) | 2.10 (0.38) | 0.40 |
| Body fat (%) | 46.49 (6.18) | 45.25 (3.97) | 44.91 (5.71) | 44.19 (4.51) | 0.68 |
| HOMA | 3.27 (1.53) | 3.20 (2.77) | 4.27 (2.44) | 3.27 (1.41) | 0.39 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.91 (0.34) | 4.86 (0.35) | 4.96 (0.33) | 4.68 (0.59) | 0.23 |
| 2 hr BG (mmol/L) | 5.24 (0.54) | 5.55 (1.38) | 6.02 (1.59) | 5.67 (1.20) | 0.35 |
| Leptin ng/mL | 39.26 (23.00) | 31.54 (13.25) | 40.64 (2.39) | 36.01 (16.00) | 0.58 |
| Adiponectin µg/mL | 2.85 (1.58) | 2.70 (0.94) | 2.25 (1.35) | 2.11 (1.16) | 0.28 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.14 (0.34) | 1.29 (0.26) | 1.25 (0.25) | 1.27 (0.44) | 0.57 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.34 (0.60) | 2.11 (0.68) | 2.31 (0.68) | 2.26 (0.72) | 0.77 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.59 (0.87) | 0.92 (0.54) | 1.33 (0.65) | 1.10 (0.64) | 0.04 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 111.69 (13.47) | 116.24 (13.35) | 112.06 (10.44) | 111.72 (10.83) | 0.56 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 66.31 (9.86) | 63.82 (8.20) | 70.33 (10.98) | 64.59 (10.09) | 0.20 |
Data are means (SD) or numbers in each group.