Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study population.

Study population n = 124
Patients		Subjects without PCa
n = 93		n = 31
Age (years)	68 (48–83)	Age (years)	74 (70–85)a
median (min–max)		median (min–max)
BMI (kg/m2)	26 (20.6–41.6)	BMI (kg/m2)	26.3 (22.2–34)b
median (min–max)		median (min–max)
PCa disease (n)		Urological condition (n)
Metastasized PCa	18	BPH	21
PCa	20	Kidney stones	2
PCa in remission	45	PCa biopsies with neg. result	2
Unknown PCa status	10	High grade PINh	2
		Otheri	4
Gleason score (n)
≤7a	56
≥7b	58
Therapy (n)c		Therapy (n)j
Chemotherapyd	6	Surgeryf	22
Radiotherapye	2	No therapy	9
Hormone therapy	15
Surgeryf	53
Active surveillance	7
No therapyg	10

^aAge difference between both groups was statistically not significant (P = 0.099).

^bBMI difference between both groups was statistically not significant (P = 0.46).

^cReferred to the ongoing therapy at study enrolment.

^dDocetaxel, taxol, folfox, or taxotere.

^eIncluding brachytherapy.

^fTUR-P or RRP with or without lymphadenectomy.

^gNo therapy in the last 6 months.

^hHigh-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

ⁱStrangury, renal hematoma, bladder neck stenosis, and hematuria.

^jTUR-P, transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP), percutaneous nephrolithotomy, bladder neck incision, spermatocelectomy, open adenoma enucleation, transurethral laser vaporization, or placement of prostatic stent.