Table 2.

Natural remedies as HbF inducer.

Inducer	Source	Biological effects
Bergaptene	Aegle marmelos	Erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, HbF induction [31, 72]
Angelicin	Angelica arcangelica	Erythroid differentiation, HbF induction [8, 73]
Resveratrol	Red wine, grape skin, and darakchasava	HbF induction [8, 74]
Citropten and bergapten	Bergamot orange	Erythroid differentiation and HbF production [69]
Rapamycin	Streptomyces hygroscopicus	HbF induction [8, 13]
Mithramycin	Streptomyces species	HbF production [75]
YiSui ShengXue Granule		Erythroid survival, proliferation, and terminal differentiation of K562 cells and HbF production [76]
Cucurbitacin D	Ethanol Extract of Fructus trichosanthis, which is the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii MAXIM	HbF production and Erythroid differentiation of K562 cells [1, 31]
Niprisan/Nix-0699/Nicosan	A ethanol/water extract developed in Nigeria from indigenous plants	Anti-sickling effect [31, 70, 71]
Terminalia catappa distilled water active fraction (TCDWF)	Terminalia catappa leaves	Erythropoiesis, cell proliferation, and transcription [77]