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. 2016 Jun 8;6:27530. doi: 10.1038/srep27530

Figure 7. Citral-induced oxidative stress is responsible for apoptosis and p53 activation.

Figure 7

A, to determine the contribution of oxygen radicals in citral-mediated cell death, ECC-1 (upper panel) and OVCAR-3 cells (middle panel) were incubated with citral in the presence or absence of NAC. After treatment for 24 h, the cells were labeled with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide and cell death was determined by flow cytometry. Dot plots in upper and lower panels are representative data obtained using ECC-1 and OVCAR-3 cells, respectively. The bar graphs in the bottom panel are data obtained from three independent experiments with ECC-1 and OVCAR-3 cells. B, Evidence confirming that citral-induced oxygen radicals were required for activation of p53 was obtained by treating ECC-1 and OVCAR-3 cells with citral in the presence or absence of the radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). After treatment for 30 min, cell lysates were obtained and probed to assess Serine-15 (Ser15) phosphorylation of p53.