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. 2016 Jun 8;6:27532. doi: 10.1038/srep27532

Figure 3. Caffeine administration prevents the inflammatory response triggered by OHT.

Figure 3

The effects of caffeine administration on the retinal neuroinflammatory response in eyes subjected to OHT were evaluated by qPCR and ELISA. (A) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF were assessed by qPCR. Results are presented as fold change comparing with the control animals, and represent the mean ± s.e.m from 5–7 independent experiments. (B) The retinal protein levels of IL-1β and TNF were quantified by ELISA. Results are expressed in pg/μg of protein, and represent the mean ± s.e.m from 5–10 independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001, significantly different from control animals; #p < 0.05, significantly different from water drinking animals with 3 days OHT; +p < 0.05, ++p < 0.01 and ++++p < 0.0001, significantly different from water drinking animals with 7 days OHT; Kruskall-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test.