Table 2.

Evidence for the amelioration of left ventricle (LV) remodeling by dietary antioxidants and other drugs in preclinical studies.

Antioxidant	Principal findings	Reference
Celiprolol	The β-1 blocker at 100 mg/kg that prevented hypoxia induced LV remodeling is in mice, by increasing eNOS	[129]
Fluvastatin	20 mg/kg reduced infarct size and improved the hemodynamics in a rat model of MI	[130]
Pranidipine	The Ca2+ channel antagonist at 3 mg/kg improved systolic and diastolic function accompanied by suppressed abnormal gene expression after MI in rats	[131]
Hydrogen sulfide	Exerts antioxidant effects on left ventricular remodeling in rat model of passive smoking via PI3K/Akt-dependent activation of Nrf2 signaling	[132]
Captopril	In patients with anterior MI, it improved left ventricular remodeling and prevented its enlargement, better than digitalis	[133]
Indacaterol + metoprolol	Indacaterol, a new ultra-long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist at 0.3 mg/kg reversed cardiac remodeling and its effects in combination with metoprolol 100 mg/kg, a selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist in a rat model of heart failure, by reducing cAMP and cardiac GPCR kinase-2 expression	[134]
Vildagliptin	In type 2 DM rats subjected to MI, at 10 mg/kg, the DPP-4 inhibitor restored the autophagy in noninfarcted region and increased survival rate	[135]
Sinapic acid (SA)	SA protected cardiomyocytes and perfused heart from revascularization injury induced oxidative stress by increasing eNOS expression	[136]