Table 3.

Treatment interventions

Intervention	Spinal manipulation therapy	Light massage therapy
Type	High Velocity, low amplitude Low Velocity, low amplitude (older patients or acute exacerbations only)	Gentle effleurage (gliding) Gentle petrissage (kneading)
Location	Cervical spine (Occiput -C7) Thoracic spine (T1-T3)	Cervical spine musculature (Occiput -C7) Thoracic spine musculature (T1-T3)
Design & delivery format	Individualized: spinal levels treated, technique position (e.g., seated, supine, prone)	Individualized: site of pain/dysfunction
		Prone position
Delivery method	One-on-one treatment visit	One-on-one treatment visit
Dose	10 min 3 visits per week for 6 weeks	10 min 3 visits per week for 6 weeks