Table 2.
Prevalence of the different substances above the cut-off limit at the time of admittance to the hospital, and percentage under the influence (comparable to a BAC of 0.05 % or higher) at the time of injury among patients who have the different substances in blood above the cut-off limit, and mean score of points at the time of injury
| Substance | Prevalence n (%) | Influenced % | Mean score of points (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol | 263 (26.4) | 98.1 | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) |
| Medicinal drugs | 163 (16.4) | 47.2 | 4.3 (3.6–4.9) |
| Benzodiazepines | 97 (9.7) | 70.1 | 4.6 (3.9–5.4) |
| Diazepam | 34 (3.4) | 85.3 | 5.3 (4.2–6.3) |
| Clonazepam | 17 (1.7) | 88.2 | 5.4 (4.5–6.5) |
| Flunitrazepam | 16 (1.6) | 87.5 | 6.3 (4.6–8.0) |
| Oxazepam | 16 (1.6) | 75.0 | 5.4 (3.6–7.3) |
| Nitrazepam | 12 (1.2) | 83.3 | 3.5 (1.9–5.1) |
| Alprazolam | 7 (0.7) | 100.0 | 6.4 (3.9–9.0) |
| Zopiclone | 35 (3.5) | 40.0 | 2.4 (1.1–3.7) |
| Zolpidem | 6 (0.6) | 100.0 | 4.0 (1.5–6.5) |
| Opioids | 44 (4.4) | 40.9 | 4.3 (2.6–6.0) |
| Codeine | 34 (3.4) | 23.5 | 1.4 (0.6–2.1) |
| Morphine | 11 (1.1) | 81.8 | 6.6 (4.4–8.8) |
| Methadone | 6 (0.6) | 40.9 | 8.3 (5.3-11-2) |
| Illicit drugs | 82 (8.2) | 79.3 | 4.75 (4.1–5.4) |
| Tetrahydrocannabinol | 58 (5.8) | 81.0 | 4.3 (3.6–4.9) |
| aAmphetamines | 18 (1.8) | 88.9 | 5.6 (4.0–7.3) |
| Cocaine | 11 (1.1) | 63.6 | 6.0 (4.5–7.5) |
a Amphetamine and/or methamphetamine