Table 2.
Generalized linear mixed model analysis of socioeconomic factors correlates of overweight and obesity among school children in Guangzhou, China
| Characteristics | Overweight or obese | Likelihood of overweight/obesity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Girls | 4388 (11.6) ** | Reference | Reference | |
| Boys | 5529 (23.5) | 2.40 (2.15–2.69)** | 2.56 (2.24–2.93) ** | |
| Age | ||||
| 5–6 years | 657 (9.1) ** | Reference | Reference | |
| 7–8 years | 3784 (16.2) | 1.88 (1.42–2.49) ** | 1.95 (1.39–2.74) ** | |
| 9–10 years | 3942 (20.1) | 2.46 (1.86–3.25) ** | 2.59 (1.85–3.62) ** | |
| 11–12 years | 1534 (22.0) | 2.77 (2.06–3.71) ** | 2.78 (1.95–3.97) ** | |
| Household per-capita annual income | ||||
| 1st quartile (≤12000 RMB) | 1463 (14.8) * | Reference | Reference | |
| 2nd quartile (12001–20000 RMB) | 2327 (16.3) | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 1.01 (0.82–1.24) | |
| 3rd quartile (20001–34286 RMB) | 2545 (19.1) | 1.22 (1.02–1.46) * | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) * | |
| 4th quartile (≥34287 RMB) | 2105 (21.4) | 1.34 (1.11–1.63) * | 1.27 (1.01–1.59) * | |
| Father’s education | ||||
| Primary school and junior high school | 3919 (16.2) | Reference | Reference | |
| Senior high school and vocational | 4006 (20.0) | 1.13 (0.99–1.27) | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | |
| University and above | 1281 (19.8) | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 0.89 (0.69–1.16) | |
| Mother’s education | ||||
| Primary school and junior high school | 4608 (16.0) * | Reference | Reference | |
| Senior high school and vocational | 3551 (20.1) | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) * | 1.21 (1.03–1.43) * | |
| University and above | 1057 (22.8) | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) * | 1.51 (1.16–1.97) * | |
| Father’s weight status | ||||
| Non-overweight | 5037 (14.9) ** | Reference | Reference | |
| Overweight | 2853 (22.9) | 1.67 (1.48–1.87) ** | 1.63 (1.43–1.85) ** | |
| Obese | 529 (31.2) | 2.54 (2.08–3.11) ** | 2.48 (1.98–3.11) ** | |
| Mother’s weight status | ||||
| Non-overweight | 7034 (15.9) ** | Reference | Reference | |
| Overweight | 1394 (29.3) | 2.27 (1.98–2.59) ** | 2.41 (2.07–2.80) ** | |
| Obese | 190 (30.5) | 2.56 (1.86–3.52) ** | 2.51 (1.72–3.67) ** | |
| Type of school | ||||
| Private (migrants) | 3057(14.3) ** | Reference | Reference | |
| Public (residents) | 6860 (20.0) | 1.48 (1.19–1.83) ** | 1.36 (1.16–1.59) ** | |
Note: Generalised Linear Mixed Models were used for multivariateanalyses, adjusted model includes all social-demographic factors above, and school as a random effect. Dependent variable: children were categorized into two groups (overweight/obese and non-overweight) using WHO 2007. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. 1stquartile: 1 %–25 % percentiles, 2ndquartile: 26 %–50 % percentiles, 3rdquartile: 51 %–75 % percentiles, 4thquartile: 76 %–100 % percentiles.*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001