Table 5.

Starting values of parameters estimated by pseudo-maximum likelihood

Variable	Starting value	Lower bound	Upper bound
μ 2	$\overline{\mu }$	-∞	∞
σ 22	${\overline{\sigma }}_2^2$	0	∞
σ 20	1.5	0.01	∞
π 0	0.01	0	0.05
π 1	0.025	0	0.2
π 3	0.001	0	0.2
π 4	0.001	0	0.05