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. 2016 Jun 8;11(6):e0156201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156201

Table 3. The leaf traits, leaf chlorophyll content and parameters of the Chl a fluorescence tor grass Brachypodium pinnatum from population of different age: young (30–50 years old), intermediate age (ca. 100 years) and old(> 300 years).

The means of for each populations are presented. and means±SE for the particular age classes were compared with ANOVA, followed with Tukey post-hoc test. Values with the same letters are not significantly different at p < 0.05 level. Abbreviations: LA—leaf area, LDM—Leaf dry matter content, SLA—specific leaf area, LL—leaf length, LW—leaf width. Other abbreviations in Table 1. Locality: Rac–Racławice, Pow1 –Powroznikowa 1, Pow2 –Powroznikowa 2, WilSk–Wilisowe Skały, Kob–Dolina Kobylanska, Żyt–Zytnia, WielSk–Wielskie Skały, Bolech–Bolechowice, Gro_Onob–Grodzisko Onobrychis, Bedk–Dolina Bedkowska, DKluc–Dolina Kluczwody, Gro–Grodzisko.

Locality Rac Pow1 Pow2 WilSk Kob Żyt WieSk Bolech Gro_Onob Bedk DKluc Gro Total
age young young young young interm interm interm interm old old old old young interm old
mean mean mean
n 81 100 92 97 99 98 100 96 100 100 100 100
Leaf traits
Leaf chlorophyll content
ChtotA 307.52 272.27 241.16 245.31 404.23 428.69 376.94 362.25 455.32 397.05 448.44 433.05 266.56±17.6a 393.03±16.9b 433.36±15.0b
Chl aA 226.15 204.25 187.57 186.11 295.79 302.98 283.89 275.76 337.53 296.78 334.15 319.10 201.02±10.7a 289.60±7.0b 321.89±10.7b
Chl bA 81.37 70.01 53.59 59.19 108.51 125.71 93.04 86.27 117.79 100.23 114.28 113.94 66.04±7.1a 103.38±10.1b 111.56±4.5b
Chl a/b 2.78 2.92 3.50 3.14 2.73 2.41 3.05 3.20 2.86 2.96 2.92 2.80 3.04±0.1a 2.84±0.2b 2.88±0.04b
SPAD 24.44 23.7 23.8 24.6 24.5 27.5 28.5 23.2 34.7 33.9 35.01 36.1 24.88 a±7.6a 26.5 a±5.5a 34.59 b±5.6b
SLA [g/mm2] 12290.4 16056.5 15.776.1 13254.8 11853.67 13700.69 16362.86 11468.35 11290.4 15156.5 14.776.1 13254.8 14224.81±567.2 13609.73±453.4 13315.78±123.4
LA [mm2] 845.20 1019.24 713.45 811.23 789.23 1122.0 936.52 906.97 1614.78 1273.51 1581.16 1123.24 847.20±345.3a 930.73±435.2a 1527.05±231.3b
LDM [g] 0.070 0.062 0.069 0.074 0.059 0.068 0.076 0.063 0.129 0.09 0.117 0.113 0.063±0.05a 0.065±0.05a 0.115±0.03b
LL[mm] 151.27 183.35 222.94 150.84 189.78 290.36 242.14 217.51 335.43 390.06 320.82 274.6 197.55±98.5a 229.0±97.5a 310.19±57.4b
LW[mm] 6.69 4.22 4.94 5.06 6.13 5.43 8.10 4.78 8.11 8.67 7.72 6.82 5.93±1.5a 6.06±0.9a 7.82±0.5b
Chlorophyll a fluorescence
Measured parameters
Fo B 7.6 5.59 7.79 7.34 5.35 6.15 6.6 7.34 8.57 6.94 7.1 8.29 7.08±1.36a 6.36+1.60b 7.72±1.25a
FKB 11.98 9.93 12.93 11.65 8.87 11.23 11.36 12.16 15.38 12.01 12.02 13.54 11.62±1.76a 10.90±2.75b 13.23±2.51c
FJB 15.18 15.68 16.59 14.93 14.44 17.13 18.7 18.16 24.06 19.32 17.82 19.76 15.59±2.36a 17.11±4.46b 20.24±3.77c
Fm B 29.97 26.19 27.55 26.54 25.5 27.38 27.01 29.17 36.51 34.93 34.32 31.02 27.56±7.03a 27.26±5.19a 34.19±4.88b
Fv B 22.37 20.6 19.76 19.2 20.15 21.24 20.4 21.83 27.94 27.99 27.22 22.73 20.48±5.35a 20.90±5.75a 26.47±4.53b
Calculated parameters
VL 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.1 0.09 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.08 0.1 0.11±0.04a 0.09±0.03a 0.08±0.03b
VK 0.18 0.21 0.28 0.21 0.18 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.25 0.18 0.18 0.23 0.22±0.12a 0.22±0.05a 0.21±0.03a
VJ 0.33 0.49 0.47 0.39 0.45 0.52 0.6 0.5 0.56 0.44 0.39 0.51 0.42±0.11a 0.52±0.1b 0.47±0.09c
VI 0.68 0.84 0.73 0.63 0.81 0.85 0.86 0.79 0.88 0.86 0.81 0.9 0.72±0.11a 0.83±0.05b 0.86±0.04c
Mo 0.81 0.85 1.22 0.96 0.77 1.00 0.95 0.9 0.99 0.73 0.72 0.91 0.96±0.35a 0.91±0.27b 0.83±0.21c
PIabs 23.04 8.34 13.71 16.75 9.44 7.64 4.62 8.55 6.69 10.27 13.64 7.02 15.46±11.69a 7.56±3.72b 9.40±3.6c
PItotal 21.08 6.28 21.38 32.64 7.58 6.41 4.52 11.62 4.70 5.71 9.45 3.68 19.24±13.56a 7.46±5.45b 5.91±1.92c
Sm 28.56 17.04 26.01 34.18 20.08 13.77 19.84 18.45 15.52 15.4 14.78 12.39 26.45±19.79a 18.03±4.98b 14.52±4.38c
N 99.52 32.11 92.19 114.06 37.66 28.03 34.18 38.36 29.37 27.92 29.86 23.92 84.47±34.18a 34.56±14.56b 27.77±7.28b
RC/CS0 B 2.80 2.66 2.50 2.61 2.90 2.63 3.30 3.22 3.88 3.49 3.18 3.59 2.64±0.12a 3.01±0.30b 3.53±0.28b
ABS/RC 3.7 2.19 4.31 4.00 2.22 2.46 2.09 2.53 2.30 2.05 2.31 2.48 3.55±2.21a 2.32±0.71b 2.28±0.33b
DIo/RC 1.06 0.47 1.57 1.35 0.53 0.58 0.52 0.69 0.55 0.41 0.48 0.68 1.11±1.16a 0.58±0.37b 0.53±0.16b
TRo/RC 2.64 1.72 2.74 2.65 1.69 1.88 1.57 1.84 1.74 1.64 1.83 1.79 2.43±1.11a 1.74±0.37b 1.75±0.23b
ETo/RC 1.83 0.87 1.53 1.69 0.92 0.88 0.62 0.93 0.76 0.91 1.11 0.88 1.48±0.94a 0.84±0.27b 0.91±0.20b
REo/RC 1.06 0.27 0.93 1.18 0.33 0.27 0.22 0.41 0.21 0.23 0.35 0.18 0.86±1.01a 0.31±0.18b 0.24±0.08b
Yield/Efficiency
φPo 0.74 0.79 0.69 0.71 0.78 0.77 0.75 0.74 0.76 0.8 0.79 0.72 0.73±0.08a 0.76±0.04b 0.77±0.05b
ψo 0.67 0.51 0.53 0.61 0.55 0.48 0.4 0.5 0.44 0.56 0.61 0.49 0.58±0.11a 0.48±0.1b 0.52±0.09a
φEo 0.49 0.4 0.37 0.43 0.43 0.37 0.3 0.37 0.34 0.44 0.48 0.35 0.42±0.09a 0.36±0.09b 0.40±0.08a
δRo 0.47 0.31 0.48 0.59 0.35 0.31 0.37 0.41 0.29 0.26 0.31 0.22 0.46±0.23a 0.36±0.09b 0.27±0.08c
φRo 0.23 0.13 0.18 0.25 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.07 0.19±0.1a 0.13±0.04b 0.10±0.04c
φDo 0.26 0.21 0.31 0.29 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.2 0.21 0.28 0.27±0.08a 0.24±0.04b 0.23±0.05b
γRC 0.76 0.68 0.78 0.76 0.68 0.7 0.67 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.7 0.71 0.74±0.08a 0.69±0.05b 0.69±0.03b
Connectivity among PSII units
W 0.124 0.081 0.123 0.124 0.088 0.092 0.07 0.093 0.093 0.077 0.093 0.081 0.113±0.03a 0.085±0.03b 0.086±0.01b
C 1.121 0.881 0.756 0.714 0.598 0.589 0.664 0.608 0.526 0.739 0.651 0.585 0.868±0.41a 0.614±0.17b 0.625±0.15b
PG 0.288 0.281 0.192 0.423 0.163 0.184 0.196 0.188 0.199 0.182 0.17 0.165 0.296±0.18a 0.182±0.06b 0.179±0.04b
P 0.585 0.576 0.675 0.674 0.541 0.557 0.51 0.544 0.505 0.622 0.621 0.526 0.628±0.11a 0.538±0.09b 0.568±0.09b

A mg/m2

B [a.u. x 1000]