Table 1.
Characteristics of the Korean middle-aged male participants according to the severity of depressive symptoms
| Characteristics | Total (n=113 478) | None to moderatesymptoms (n=86 270) | Severe symptoms (n=27 208) | p-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean±SD) | 58.9±3.5 | 58.9±3.6 | 58.7±3.2 | <0.0012 | |
| Smoking history | Current smoker | 40 756 (35.9) | 30 635 (35.5) | 10 121 (37.2) | <0.001 |
| Past smoker | 51 949 (45.8) | 39 715 (46.0) | 12 234 (45.0) | ||
| Never smoker | 19 626 (17.3) | 15 118 (17.5) | 4508 (16.6) | ||
| Missing | 1147 (1.0) | 802 (0.9) | 345 (1.3) | ||
| Alcohol drinking frequency (d/wk) | ≥5 | 12 251 (10.8) | 9606 (11.1) | 2645 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| 1-4 | 43 076 (38.0) | 33 794 (39.2) | 9282 (34.1) | ||
| <1 | 41 011 (36.1) | 30 649 (35.5) | 10 362 (38.1) | ||
| Past drinker | 7411 (6.5) | 5311 (6.2) | 2100 (7.7) | ||
| Never drinker | 8265 (7.3) | 5878 (6.8) | 2387 (8.8) | ||
| Missing | 1464 (1.3) | 1032 (1.2) | 432 (1.6) | ||
| Physical activity Body mass index (kg/m2) | Yes | 37 792 (33.3) | 26 176 (30.3) | 11 616 (42.7) | <0.001 |
| <18.5 | 2918 (2.6) | 1875 (2.2) | 1043 (3.8) | <0.001 | |
| 18.5-24.9 | 77 556 (68.3) | 58 704 (68.0) | 18 852 (69.3) | ||
| 25.0-29.9 | 31 613 (27.9) | 24 637 (28.6) | 6976 (25.6) | ||
| ≥30 | 1391 (1.2) | 1054 (1.2) | 337 (1.2) | ||
| No. of close friends | ≤1 | 35 918 (31.7) | 25 052 (29.0) | 10 866 (39.9) | <0.001 |
| 2-5 | 45 884 (40.4) | 35 207 (40.8) | 10 677 (39.2) | ||
| ≥6 | 31 676 (27.9) | 26 011 (30.2) | 5665 (20.8) | ||
| Household income (Korean won/mo)3 | <500 000 | 10 496 (9.2) | 6312 (7.3) | 4184 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| 500 000-990 000 | 23 201 (20.4) | 15 820 (18.3) | 7381 (27.1) | ||
| 1 000 000-1 490 000 | 27 098 (23.9) | 20 375 (23.6) | 6723 (24.7) | ||
| ≥1 500 000 | 47 885 (42.2) | 40 999 (47.5) | 6886 (25.3) | ||
| Missing | 4798 (4.2) | 2764 (3.2) | 2034 (7.5) | ||
| Self-rated health | Good | 10 590 (9.3) | 10 109 (11.7) | 481 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Fair | 36 541 (32.2) | 32 067 (37.2) | 4474 (16.4) | ||
| Poor | 66 347 (58.5) | 44 094 (51.1) | 22 253 (81.8) | ||
| Pre-existing cancer | Yes | 3465 (3.1) | 2550 (3.0) | 915 (3.4) | 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms4 (GDS score) | None (0-16) | 28 496 (25.1) | 28 496 (33.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Mild (17-23) | 29 725 (26.2) | 29 725 (34.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Moderate (24-27) | 28 049 (24.7) | 28 049 (32.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Severe (28-29) | 20 837 (18.4) | 0 (0.0) | 20 837 (76.6) | ||
| Extreme (30) | 6371 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6371 (23.4) |
Values are presented as number (%).
GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; SD, standard deviation.
1
Calculated by chi-square analysis.
2
Calculated by analysis of variance.
3
1170 Korean won was approximately one US dollar as of August 1, 2004.
4
Cut-off scores based on quartiles and the highest decile.