Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of trauma-related emergency department (ED) visits in the 2010 National Emergency Department Sample.

	ED deaths (n=3,971)		Survived ED visits (n=4,975,715)
Characteristics	n	Weighted % (95% CI)	n	Weighted % (95% CI)
Demographics
Age, years
18–34	1331	33.9 (32.4–35.5)	1,882,605	37.9 (37.8–37.9)
35–49	805	19.9 (18.7–21.3)	1,257,935	25.1 (25.1–25.1)
50–64	772	19.5 (18.2–20.9)	911,985	18.3 (18.3–18.4)
≥65	1063	26.6 (25.2–28.1)	937,768	18.7 (18.7–18.8)
Female sex	1126	28.1 (26.6–29.6)	2,512,067	50.1 (50.1–50.2)
Median household income
$1–40,999	1177	30.1 (28.6–31.6)	1,474,500	29.7 (29.7–29.8)
$41,000–50,999	1072	27.1 (25.7–28.6)	1,345,638	27.1 (27.1–27.2)
$51,000–66,999	831	20.6 (19.3–22.0)	1,112,678	22.1 (22.0–22.1)
≥$67,000	686	17.1 (15.9–18.4)	941,503	18.8 (18.7–18.8)
Primary payer
Medicare	901	22.6 (21.2–24.0)	1,069,394	21.4 (21.4–21.4)
Medicaid	341	8.7 (7.8–9.7)	716,103	14.4 (14.4–14.4)
Private	1086	28.4 (26.9–29.9)	1,634,268	33.4 (33.3–33.4)
Self-pay	1358	34.1 (32.5–35.6)	1,067,111	21.1 (21.1–21.1)
No charge/other	255	6.3 (5.6–7.1)	476,157	9.7 (9.7–9.8)
Weekend arrival	1316	33.1 (31.5–34.6)	1,506,155	30.4 (30.3–30.4)
Month of arrival
January–March	571	18.4 (17.2–19.7)	934,814	22.1 (22.1–22.2)
April–June	739	22.0 (20.6–23.4)	1,120,229	26.5 (26.5–26.6)
July–September	877	22.3 (20.9–23.7)	1,165,350	27.7 (27.5–27.6)
October–December	900	22.4 (21.0–23.7)	1,008,723	23.8 (23.8–23.9)
Hospital characteristics
Region
Northeast	678	16.7 (15.6–17.8)	965,508	20.2 (20.2–20.2)
Midwest	784	22.0 (20.7–23.3)	1,092,194	24.6 (24.6–24.6)
South	1752	42.1 (40.6–43.6)	2,120,934	38.4 (38.3–38.4)
West	757	19.3 (18.0–20.5)	811,657	16.8 (16.7–16.8)
Trauma center	2021	55.5 (54.0–57.0)	1,532,579	35.0 (35.0–35.0)
Teaching/urban-rural status
Metropolitan non-teaching	1437	32.5 (31.1–33.9)	2,365,176	43.4 (43.3–43.4)
Metropolitan teaching	1864	50.1 (48.5–51.6)	1,742,525	37.0 (37.0–37.0)
Micropolitan/rural (teaching and non-teaching)	670	17.5 (16.3–18.8)	882,592	19.6 (19.6–19.6)
Ownership
Private	14222	21.3 (20.1–22.5)	1,536,808	26.4 (26.4–26.5)
Collapsed (public or private)	2735	73.9 (72.6–75.1)	3,059,866	67.4 (67.3–67.4)
Public- government, non-federal	3321	4.9 (4.3–5.5)	393,619	6.2 (6.2–6.2)
Emergency department (ED) volume
<10,000	208	5.8 (5.0–6.8)	255,915	5.7 (5.7–5.7)
10,000–19,999	283	7.3 (6.4–8.2)	482,572	10.2 (10.1–10.2)
20,000–39,999	875	21.1 (19.9–22.5)	1,396,101	27.8 (27.8–27.9)
40,000–59,999	1059	28.4 (27.0–30.0)	1,141,757	23.0 (23.0–23.0)
60,000–79,999	631	14.8 (13.8–15.9)	804,751	15.3 (15.2–15.3)
>80,000	915	22.6 (21.3–23.9)	909,197	18.0 (18.0–18.1)
Safety net status	2705	67.5 (66.0–69.0)	3,189,345	62.3 (62.2–62.3)
Mechanism of injury
Cutting or piercing	147	3.7 (3.1–4.3)	400,718	8.1 (8.1–8.1)
Drown	106	2.7 (2.2–3.3)	1,437	0.03 (0.03–0.03)
Fall	446	11.1 (10.1–12.1)	1,407,804	28.2 (28.2–28.2)
Fire	55	1.3 (1.0–1.8)	66,530	1.4 (1.3–1.4)
Firearm	745	19.0 (17.8–20.3)	13,518	0.3 (0.3–0.3)
Machinery	14	0.4 (0.2–0.7)	26,011	0.5 (0.5–0.5)
Motor vehicle trauma	1209	30.7 (29.2–32.2)	566,551	11.3 (11.3–11.4)
Natural/environmental	73	1.8 (1.4–2.2)	192,578	3.8 (3.8–3.9)
Poison	182	4.7 (4.0–5.6)	153,324	3.1 (3.0–3.1)
Struck by or against	78	2.0 (1.5–2.6)	575,861	11.6 (11.6–11.6)
Suffocation	186	4.5 (3.9–5.2)	7,356	0.2 (0.2–0.2)
Other	756	18.9 (17.7–20.2)	1,592,205	32.1 (32.1–32.1)

Note: n represents raw (unweighted) number of observations.