Table 2.

Patient and hospital characteristics for trauma patients who died in non-trauma vs trauma hospitals among urban emergency departments (EDs).

Characteristics	Non-trauma hospital		Trauma hospital
	n	% (95% CI)	n	% (95% CI)
Total	1,320	35.6 (34.1–37.1)	1,981	64.4 (62.9–65.9)
Demographics
Age, years
18–34	371	28.1 (25.7–30.6)	757	38.2 (36.0–40.4)
35–49	258	19.4 (17.3–21.6)	389	19.5 (17.7–21.4)
50–64	272	20.6 (18.4–22.9)	348	17.6 (15.9–19.4)
≥65	419	32.0 (29.5–34.6)	487	24.8 (22.9–26.9)
Female sex	424	32.7 (30.2–35.3)	520	25.9 (23.9–27.9)
Median household income
$1–40,999	274	20.3 (18.2–22.6)	610	31.5 (29.4–33.7)
$41,000–50,999	349	25.9 (23.6–28.4)	495	25.0 (23.1–27.1)
$51,000–66,999	348	26.5 (24.1–29.0)	399	20.2 (18.3–22.1)
≥$67,000	294	23.2 (21.0–25.7)	350	17.0 (15.4–18.7)
Primary payer
Medicare, private and other	704	54.1 (51.3–56.8)	923	47.4 (45.1–49.7)
Medicaid, self-pay and no charge	610	45.9 (43.2–48.7)	1,036	52.6 (50.3–54.9)
Weekend arrival	398	30.2 (27.8–32.8)	688	34.4 (32.2–36.7)
Month of arrival
January–March	265	20.7 (18.6–23.0)	358	17.8 (16.2–19.7)
April–June	257	19.8 (17.7–22.1)	435	21.4 (19.6–23.4)
July–September	302	23.3 (21.1–25.7)	438	21.3 (19.5–23.2)
October–December	304	23.7 (21.4–26.1)	396	19.4 (17.7–21.2)
Hospital characteristics
Region
Northeast	223	20.0 (17.8–22.3)	395	17.2 (15.8–18.7)
Midwest	186	16.6 (14.6–18.8)	462	23.4 (21.8–25.2)
South	620	42.2 (39.7–44.8)	742	39.8 (37.8–41.9)
West	291	21.3 (19.2–23.5)	382	19.5 (18.0–21.2)
Mechanism of injury
Motor vehicle trauma	310	23.1 (20.9–25.5)	709	35.6 (33.4–37.9)
Firearm	182	13.6 (11.9–15.6)	467	23.9 (22.0–25.9)
Fall	171	13.0 (11.3–14.9)	196	9.6 (8.4–11.1)
Other	657	50.3 (47.6–53.0)	612	30.8 (28.7–33.0)