Table 2.
Comparisons between patients with and without rapid-response team activations.
| Variables | Controls N(%) | Cases N(%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disposition | - | |||
| ICU admission (<72h) | - | - | 38.49 (19.03–77.87) | <0.001 |
| Intervention (<72h) | - | - | 5.49 (3.82–7.89) | <0.001 |
| Mortality (<72h) | - | - | 4.24 (1.60–11.24) | 0.004 |
| Mortality (<1 month) | - | - | 4.02 (2.44–6.62) | <0.001 |
| Vital sign | ||||
| First heart rate | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 52 (11) | 38 (8) | 0.79 (0.50–1.24) | 0.11 |
| Middle 80% | 391 (83) | 373 (79) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 29 (6) | 60 (13) | 2.02 (1.25–3.27) | 0.004 |
| First systolic blood pressure | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 39 (8) | 56 (12) | 1.53 (0.98–2.40) | 0.062 |
| Middle 80% | 389 (83) | 365 (77) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 42 (9) | 50 (11) | 1.25 (0.81–1.92) | 0.31 |
| First respiratory rate | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 39 (8) | 53 (11) | 1.44 (0.91–2.27) | 0.12 |
| Middle 80% | 405 (86) | 353 (75) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 26 (6) | 65 (14) | 2.92 (1.73–4.92) | <0.001 |
| First oxygen saturation | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 33 (7) | 65 (14) | 2.25 (1.42–3.56) | <0.001 |
| Middle 80% | 388 (83) | 352 (75) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 49 (10) | 54 (12) | 1.19 (0.78–1.81) | 0.43 |
| Last heart rate | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 59 (13) | 36 (8) | 0.61 (0.39–0.96) | 0.031 |
| Middle 80% | 388 (82) | 371 (79) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 25 (5) | 65 (14) | 2.76 (1.65–4.60) | <0.001 |
| Last systolic blood pressure | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 38 (8) | 58 (12) | 1.72 (1.08–2.72) | 0.022 |
| Middle 80% | 393 (83) | 351 (75) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 40 (8) | 62 (13) | 1.82 (1.19–2.80) | 0.006 |
| Last respiratory rate | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 51 (11) | 44 (9) | 0.99 (0.63–1.56) | 0.98 |
| Middle 80% | 395 (84) | 350 (75) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 24 (5) | 75 (16) | 4.15 (2.44–7.07) | <0.001 |
| Last oxygen saturation | ||||
| Lowest 10% | 31 (7) | 61 (13) | 2.29 (1.43–3.67) | <0.001 |
| Middle 80% | 398 (85) | 358 (76) | reference | - |
| Highest 10% | 42 (9) | 50 (11) | 1.27 (0.82–1.95) | 0.29 |
ICU, intensive care unit
P-value from conditional logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex.
Footnote: Vital signs cut points for vital signs in the bottom 10, middle 80 and top 10% of the distribution are: First heart rate <66, 66–120, >120 per minute; first systolic blood pressure <101, 101–167, >167mmHg, first respiratory rate <16, 16–26, >26 per minute, first oxygen saturation <92, 92–99, >99%, last heart rate <63, 63–112, >112 per minute, last systolic blood pressure <101, 101–157, >157 mmHg, last respiratory rate <16,16–24, >24 per minute, last oxygen saturation <93, 93–99, >99%. These cut points were chosen based on the distribution of each vital sign for all 948 patients.