Figure 3.

Immunological profile of adult and elderly septicemia patients. Comparing adult non-sepsis and sepsis burn patient’s showed significant increases in inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10), chemokine (MCP-1, IP-10, GM-CSF) and other immune mediators (FLT-3L, IL-2) early after injury (0–6 & 7–14 days). Elderly non-sepsis and sepsis patients showed very similar cytokine expression over time with early significance found for IL-6, IL-10, FLT-3L and later (>14 days) for TNF-α, and IP-10. (A). Kaplan-Meier survival curves for early and late onset sepsis and for both adult and elderly groups. Early-onset sepsis for both age group resulted in approximately 80% survival, however a striking difference was observed when comparing late-onset sepsis with elderly supporting a 30% survival (B). Extending the comparison of sepsis onset to cytokine analysis, early (0–14 days) versus late (>14 days) sepsis onset was compared for various immune mediators. All cytokine presented were found to be significant and the lower concentration of late-onset sepsis elderly suggest a dampened response contributing to mortality (C). Dashed red lines represent healthy control mean values and sepsis data is represented as mean ± SEM, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 relative to non-sepsis for each respective burn age group.