Figure 5. A simplified model of FMD-mediated effects on glucocorticoid, immune suppression & oligodendrocyte regeneration and differentiation in MS.

The FMD treatment promotes endogenous glucocorticoid production, increases T_reg cell numbers, blocks T-cell activation and promotes T-cell death. In the lesion area. FMD treatment reduces autoimmune T-cell and microglia infiltration, promotes oligodendrocyte precursor dependent regeneration and the differentiation of myelinating oligodendrocyte which engage with demyelinated axons to promote the formation of myelin sheaths.