. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Drug Policy. 2016 Feb 26;32:3–10. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.02.007

TABLE 3.

Regression models of the effects of number of years of MMT² and control variables on logged HIV incidence rates in 28 countries

	Unadjusted								Adjusted

	logHIV rate overall no trend		logHIV rate overall with trend¹		logHIV rate PWID⁷ no trend		logHIV rate PWID with trend		logHIV rate overall no trend		logHIV rate overall with trend¹		logHIV rate PWID no trend		logHIV rate PWID with trend

Variables	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹	Coef¹⁰	SE¹¹
Year and country level fixed effects
MMT²(lagged³)	−.03^***	.004	−.01	.15	−.03^***	.008	−.002	.01	−.03^***	.004	−.008	.01	−.02^**	.01	−.004	.01
GDP⁴(PPP⁵)⁶									1.24	1.42	−.69	1.00	1.59	1.51	−.22	1.78
Healthcare spending⁸									−.17^***	.04	−.10^*	.05	−.35^***	.08	−.15	.09
Constant	.91^***	0.13	2.01^***	0.40	3.44^***	0.24	6.41	5.59	1.24^***	0.4	3.02^***	.60	5.41^***	0.76	8.42	5.71

Model F-Test	21.07^***		25.69^***		2.10^**		9.72^***		20.71^***		25.34^***		2.97^***		12.31^***

p<.05;

^**

p<.01;

^***

p<.001;

Model contains linear and quadradic country-specific trend variables

Methadone Maintenance Therapy;

Lagged by 3 years;

⁴

Gross Domestic Product;

⁵

Purchasing Power Parity;

⁶

in hundreds of thousands;

⁷

People who inject drugs;

⁸

Annual Expenditure on health as a percent of GDP in PPP from public and private sources;

⁹

Per 100,000 population;

¹⁰

Coefficient;

¹¹

Standard Error