. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Drug Policy. 2016 Feb 26;32:3–10. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.02.007

TABLE 4.

Regression models of the effects of logged rates of methadone service utilization on logged HIV incidence rates in 26 countries

	Unadjusted								Adjusted

	logHIV Rate² overall no trends¹		logHIV Rate² overall with trend¹		logHIV Rate² PWID⁶ no trends		logHIV Rate² PWID⁷ with trends¹		logHIV Rate² overall no trends		logHIV Rate² overall with trend¹		logHIV Rate⁸ PWID⁷ no trend		logHIV Rate² PWID⁷ with trends¹

Variables	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰	Coef⁹	SE¹⁰
Logged rates of MMT⁸	−0.24^***	0.05	−0.19	0.09	−0.36^***	0.11	−.29	.21	−0.23^***	0.05	−.09	.09	−0.34^**	0.01	−0.35	0.21
Clients²
GDP³ (PPP⁴)⁵									1.23	0.69	−.71	0.79	2.71^*	1.24	0.51	1.72
Expenditure on Health⁷									−0.10^*	0.05	−.05	.06	−0.54^***	0.09	−0.22	0.15
Constant	1.62^***	0.33	1.24^*	0.35	5.24^***	0.44	5.14^***	0.85	2.05^***	0.50	1.90^**	.67	8.96	1.10	7.06^***	1.70

Model F-Test	7.58^***		10.26^***		2.38^**		4.95^***		7.62^***		9.96^***		5.33^***		4.70^***

p<.05;

^**

p<.01;

^***

p<.001;

With linear, squared and cubic trend variables and variables for each trend interacted with country-level dummy variables

Per 100,000 population;

Gross Domestic Product;

⁴

Purchasing Power Parity;

⁵

in hundreds of thousands;

⁶

People who inject drugs;

⁷

Annual Expenditure on health as a percent of GDP in PPP from public and private sources;

⁸

Methadone Maintenance Therapy;

⁹

Coefficient;

¹⁹

Standard Error