Table 4.
Association Between Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment Characteristics and Having 1 or More Selected Nonchromosomal Birth Defects Among Live born Infants Following Fresh and Frozen Embryo Transfer, Florida, Massachusetts, and Michigan, 2000–2010
| All Live Births
|
P Valueb | Singleton Live Births Only
|
P Valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence per 10 000 | Adjusted RR (95% CI)a | Prevalence per 10 000 | Adjusted RR (95% CI)c | |||
| Cycle type | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Fresh nondonor | 61.10 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 61.81 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Fresh donor | 48.38 | 0.72 (0.46–1.14) | 73.46 | 1.06 (0.62–1.81) | ||
|
|
|
|||||
| Frozen nondonor | 53.41 | 0.66 (0.30–1.45) | 56.31 | 0.76 (0.30–1.92) | ||
|
|
|
|||||
| Frozen donor | 64.89 | 0.99 (0.71–1.40) | 79.69 | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | ||
|
| ||||||
| No. embryos transferred | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| 1 | 51.22 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 47.63 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| ≥2 | 60.48 | 0.99 (0.61–1.58) | 66.80 | 1.12 (0.67–1.86) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Assisted hatching | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No | 56.33 | 1 [Reference] | .91 | 58.60 | 1 [Reference] | .42 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Yes | 69.61 | 1.21 (0.96–1.52) | 79.95 | 1.35 (1.00–1.83) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Diagnosis | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| No tubal factor | 60.29 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 63.23 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Tubal factor | 58.66 | 0.98 (0.73–1.32) | 71.90 | 1.09 (0.75–1.60) | ||
|
| ||||||
| No ovulation disorder | 56.82 | 1 [Reference] | .34 | 63.14 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Ovulation disorder | 78.54 | 1.35 (1.02–1.80) | 75.79 | 1.26 (0.85–1.86) | ||
|
| ||||||
| No diminished ovarian reserve | 59.17 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 61.94 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Diminished ovarian reserve | 64.70 | 1.28 (0.88–1.87) | 82.24 | 1.27 (0.79–2.03) | ||
|
| ||||||
| No endometriosis | 61.56 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 66.11 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Endometriosis | 49.90 | 0.83 (0.59–1.17) | 56.70 | 0.85 (0.55–1.30) | ||
|
| ||||||
| No male factor | 58.89 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 66.85 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Male factor | 61.73 | 1.01 (0.80–1.30) | 61.74 | 0.93 (0.68–1.27) | ||
|
| ||||||
| No unexplained infertility | 59.41 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 | 64.65 | 1 [Reference] | >.99 |
|
|
|
|||||
| Unexplained infertility | 63.74 | 1.15 (0.79–1.67) | 66.36 | 1.23 (0.77–1.96) | ||
Abbreviation: RR, risk ratio.
Adjusted for all variables in the table and maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, smoking during pregnancy, diabetes (chronic or gestational), hypertension (chronic or gestational), state of residence, and year of birth. Regression models account for clustering of infants within a live birth delivery and clustering of births among mothers.
P values adjusted using the Holm-Bonferroni method.
Adjusted for all variables in the table and maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, smoking during pregnancy, diabetes (chronic or gestational), hypertension (chronic or gestational), state of residence, and year of birth. Regression models account for clustering of births among mothers.