Table 3.
CES-D Trajectories, 1999–2009.
| Model 1a |
Model 2a |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random Intercept |
Growth Curve |
|||
| b | SE | b | SE | |
| Age at baselineb | −1.31e-3 | 0.01 | 2.33e-4 | 0.01 |
| Female | 0.22** | 0.08 | 0.23** | 0.08 |
| Comorbidity (0–15) | 0.18*** | 0.02 | 0.17*** | 0.02 |
| Δ ADLs | 0.88*** | 0.08 | 0.64*** | 0.14 |
| Self-reported health (1–5) | −0 47*** | 0.03 | −0.34*** | 0.04 |
| Widowed continuously | −0.25* | 0.12 | −0.31* | 0.12 |
| Δ Widowed | 0.93*** | 0.15 | 1.08*** | 0.17 |
| Coreside with son continuously | −0.16 | 0.11 | −0.17 | 0.11 |
| Δ Coreside with son | −0.04 | 0.1 | −0.05 | 0.12 |
| Coreside with daughter continuously | −0.02 | 0.18 | −0.04 | 0.18 |
| Δ Coreside with daughter | −0.20 | 0.15 | −0.13 | 0.17 |
| Community contact | −0 14*** | 0.02 | −0.13*** | 0.02 |
| Instrum support from sonb | −0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 |
| Instrum support from daughter-in-lawb | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Instrum support from daughterb | 0.05* | 0.03 | 0.07* | 0.04 |
| Companionship from sonb | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| Companionship from daughter-in-lawb | −0.42* | 0.18 | −0.37* | 0.18 |
| Companionship from daughterb | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| Attrition | 0.27*** | 0.07 | 0.28*** | 0.07 |
| Δ Widowed × Female | −0.44** | 0.14 | −0.39** | 0.15 |
| Δ Widowed × Coreside With Son | −0.32* | 0.13 | −0.31* | 0.13 |
| Δ Widowed × Coreside With Daughter |
−0.49** | 0.19 | −0.43* | 0.19 |
| Δ Widowed × Time | −0.04** | 0.02 | ||
| ADLs × Time | 0.04* | 0.02 | ||
| Subjective Health × Time | −0.03*** | 0.01 | ||
| Δ Coreside With Son × Time | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||
| Δ Coreside With Daughter × Time | −0.02 | 0.03 | ||
| Instrum Support From Sonb × Time | −0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Instrum Support From Daughter-in- Lawb × Time |
0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Instrum Support From Daughterb × Time |
−1.95e-3 | 0.01 | ||
| Time | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.14*** | 0.03 |
| Quadratic time | −1.76e-3 | 2.05e-3 | 228e-3 | 2.02e-3 |
| Constant | 5.29*** | 0.13 | 4.88*** | 0.15 |
| Random effects parameters | ||||
| Random intercept variance | 1.69 | 0.08 | 1.57 | 0.12 |
| Slope variance (time) | 0.02 | 3.58e-3 | ||
| Covariance (time, ID) | −0.02 | 0.02 | ||
| Residual variance | 4.51 | 0.07 | 4.17 | 0.08 |
| Log likelihood | −25,060.08 | −24,982.13 | ||
| N | 2,636 | 2,636 | ||
Note. CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; ADLs = activities of daily living; ID = person identifier.
a
Random coefficient models have significantly better fit than random intercept models (p < .001).
b
Mean centered.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001.