Table 1.
Demographic and health variables of respondents in the Mexican Health and Aging Study, according to the variable frailty
| Variable | Frail (n = 493) | Prefrail (n = 2121) | Robust (n = 2115) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70 (65-76) | 67 (63-73) | 66 (62-71) | <0.001 |
| Grouped age (years) | ||||
| 60-69 | 227 (46 %) | 1297 (61.12 %) | 1430 (67.6 %) | <0.001 |
| 70-79 | 187 (37.9 %) | 669 (31.5 %) | 576 (27.2 %) | |
| 80 or more | 79 (16 %) | 155 (7.3 %) | 109 (5.2 %) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Man | 166 (33.7 %) | 936 (44.1 %) | 1100 (52.3 %) | <0.001 |
| Woman | 327 (66.3 %) | 1185 (55.9 %) | 1015 (48 %) | |
| Years of scholarity | ||||
| 0 | 191 (38.8 %) | 607 (28.6 %) | 455 (21.5 %) | <0.001 |
| 1-4 | 191 (38.8 %) | 831 (39.2 %) | 721 (34.1 %) | |
| 5-9 | 90 (18.3 %) | 554 (26.1 %) | 752 (35.6 %) | |
| 10 or more | 20 (4.1 %) | 129 (6.1 %) | 185 (8.8 %) | |
| Chronic diseases | ||||
| Number of chronic diseases | 2 (1-3) | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-1) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 272 (55.2 %) | 965 (46.2 %) | 703 (33.7 %) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 145 (29.4 %) | 408 (19.2 %) | 248 (11.7 %) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 13 (2.6 %) | 47 (2.2 %) | 19 (0.9 %) | 0.001 |
| Pulmonary disease | 69 (14.0 %) | 165 (7.8 %) | 100 (4.7 %) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 51 (10.3 %) | 86 (4.1 %) | 39 (1.8 %) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 26 (5.3 %) | 67 (3.2 %) | 27 (1.3 %) | <0.001 |
| Rheumatism | 198 (40.2 %) | 608 (28.7 %) | 332 (15.7 %) | <0.001 |
| Kidney or liver disease | 91 (18.5 %) | 219 (10.3 %) | 133 (6.3 %) | <0.001 |
| Vision | ||||
| Use of glasses | 224 (45.4 %) | 949 (44.7 %) | 936 (44.3) | 0.211 |
| Quality of vision with glasses | ||||
| Excellent, very good or good | 185 (37.5 %) | 1054 (49.7 %) | 1340 (63.4 %) | <0.001 |
| Hearing | ||||
| Use of hearing aid | 8 (1.6 %) | 28 (1.3 %) | 33 (1.6 %) | 0.716 |
| Quality of hearing | ||||
| Excellent, very good or good | 295 (59.8 %) | 1440 (67.9 %) | 1618 (76.5 %) | <0.001 |
| At least one fall | 284 (57.7 %) | 929 (43.8 %) | 676 (32 %) | <0.001 |
| Currently smokes | 62 (30.4 %) | 310 (31.3 %) | 342 (35 %) | 0.295 |
| Ever smoked | 204 (41.4 %) | 991 (46.7 %) | 976 (46.1 %) | 0.096 |
| Having consumed alcohol | 189 (52.9 %) | 723 (53.2 %) | 682 (55.8 %) | 0.607 |
| Cross-cultural cognitive examination score | 24 (16-33) | 30 (21-11) | 34 (24-46) | <0.001 |
| Number of depressive symptoms | 6 (4-8) | 4 (2-6) | 2 (1-1) | <0.001 |
| Need help in at least one BADL | 65 (13.2 %) | 36 (1.7 %) | 4 (0.2 %) | <0.001 |
The data represent absolute frequencies and percentages or median (interquartile range). Data were compared with Chi squared or Kruskal-Wallis
The number of chronic diseases is the sum of hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatism, and kidney or liver disease