TABLE 2.

Final multivariate models: association between indirect exposure to violence and externalizing behavior (N = 82)

	Outcome: externalizing behavior T score
	Beta coefficient (β)	Standard Error (SE)	p value
Indirect exposure to violence (continuous)	1.25	0.57	0.027
Sex (male vs. female)	4.57	2.43	0.060
Mother’s education (<H.S to H.S. or more)	10.11	2.67	<0.001
Smoked during pregnancy (Yes)	5.77	6.47	0.373
Lives with both biological parents (Yes)	6.09	6.16	0.323
Had a change in primary caregiver at least once in the child’s lifetime (Yes)	4.73	4.89	0.334
R-square	17.8 %
	Outcome: externalizing behavior T score interaction model with direct violence
	Beta coefficient (β)	Standard Error (SE)	p value
Indirect exposure to violence × physical aggression (continuous)	−0.08	0.03	0.002
Indirect exposure to violence	2.09	0.59	<0.001
Physical discipline	0.30	0.10	0.002
Sex (male vs. female)	3.47	2.52	0.169
Mother’s education (<H.S. to H.S. or more)	9.55	2.37	<0.0001
Smoked during pregnancy (Yes)	6.46	6.51	0.321
Lives with both biological parents (Yes)	6.21	5.80	0.284
Had a change in primary caregiver at least once in the child’s lifetime (Yes)	4.69	4.48	0.295
R-square	23.7 %